Stan. S. Katz

Author of The Emperor and the Spy

Osher Lifelong Education Institute – UCSD Presentation. Remarkable story, the alliance between a patriotic U.S. Intelligence Agent, Colonel Sidney Mashbir, and a humanitarian Japanese International Statesman, Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, who heroically delayed and attempted to prevent WWII in the Pacific.

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Osher Lifelong Education Institute – University of California San Diego

January 8th, 2020 the author of historical novel The Emperor and the Spy & the biography The Art of Peace gave a presentation on significant unknown events linked to U.S. Japan relations during the first half of the twentieth century. Highlighted is the fascinating career of the the intelligence agent, Colonel Mashbir, and the outstanding diplomatic and political achievements of Prince Iyesato Tokugawa. Spotlighted is the close friendship and alliance of Colonel Mashbir and Prince Tokugawa.T

The below one hour video that was followed by a one hour non-recorded question and answer session with inquiries from the one hundred attendees.  Hope you enjoy.

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY: Exciting News – The inspiring life and accomplishments of Prince Tokugawa have finally come to light!

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This biography celebrates one of the great international statesmen of his time. Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863-1940) (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa), an adept diplomat and humanitarian who served as a cultural and political bridge between the East and the West, while also supporting mutual respect within Asia.

Tokugawa found creative ways to share his love of the arts, music, science, and nature to bring nations together in friendship. According to the high level US intelligence agent Colonel Sidney Mashbir, if not for Prince Tokugawa’s untimely death in 1940, Tokugawa would likely have prevented Japan joining the Axis Powers in World War II.

There is a major void in the current understanding of pre-WWII history – Prince Tokugawa has not yet been recognized for his many significant accomplishments. This includes the creation of “Safe Zones” war-torn China that helped save the lives of a half-million Chinese civilians and tens of thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust in Europe.

Prince Tokugawa also took a pivotal role in creating the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, DC. – This wonderful event continues to this day as one of the largest international celebrations in the US Capital, promoting the strong continuing friendship between the US and Japan.

The Art of Diplomacy presents hundreds of illustrations, including many rare and one-of-a-kind photos to reveal Prince Tokugawa’s inspiring life and the fascinating and often turbulent period he lived. It offers a new window to a half century of world history.

The author, Stan S. Katz, grew up in New York City, then moved to San Diego. He has a background as a teacher and health professional. He has also owned bookstores and was a specialist in rare books when he acquired the personal library, photos and documents of a high-level US Intelligence agent. This secret agent had befriended many of Japan’s most influential leaders during the 1920s and ‘30s. These unique primary source materials, combined with Stan’s passion for history and many years of research, has resulted in this exciting story about a truly unsung hero, Prince Tokugawa.

 

                      Praise for the biography

 

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired) wrote:

“Amazing little known history. I enjoyed every chapter.”

 

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations wrote:

“I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

 

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California wrote:

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

 

Suzette Heiman, Director of Planning and Communications – The Missouri School of Journalism at University of Missouri [The first school of Journalism in the U.S.] wrote:

“We look forward to adding this biography to the School’s library collection. Your goal to reach high school and college students with this information is an ambitious – but important – goal.”

 

Toru Shigehara: Head Librarian/Information Resources Center Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation and Museum wrote:

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors. With gratitude,”

 

Bill Davison – President of the North County Chapter of the San Diego World Affairs Council wrote:

“Entertaining and Educational! This wonderful book will almost certainly broaden your perspective on US-Japanese relationships.”

 

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California wrote:

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

 

 

 

AVAILABLE IN PRINT EDITION & KINDLE EBOOK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For Highlighting the Legacy of Great Leaders who Strove for Peace & Democracy and Fought Against Racism, Author/Historian Dr. Stan S. Katz was nominated for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Community Service Award

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Dear Friends,

Here is an illustrated article which honors the memories of significant Black, Asian, and Caucasian historical figures who creatively and peacefully utilized the intercultural exchange of art, music, education, and diplomacy as well as working through the political and legal systems to improve race relations – International disrespect and racism has often been a catalyst towards conflict. By gaining new insights from history, we discover better answers for dealing with our challenging issues of today.

Over the past twenty years, I’ve written historical works which honor significant, but often forgotten individuals who devoted their lives to promoting peace, democracy, and strove to confront racism. Based largely on this, in combination with volunteer activities and membership in public affairs organizations, such as the San Diego World Affairs Council, I was nominated for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. The below article highlights the Award Ceremony and Prayer Breakfast honoring the memory of MLK, and gives an introduction to the historical work I’ve written, including some rare photos discovered during my research.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award for 2023

Above is the Front Cover of the Event Booklet distributed at this Community Prayer Breakfast and Award Event. It contains short bios of the nominees for the award, and includes descriptions of the speakers and honors various organizations that supported this inspiring gathering.

Sponsored by City of Oceanside and North San Diego County NAACP

Award Ceremony took place on MLK Day, January 16th, 2023.

This article was written by Dr. Stan S. Katz, who felt gratitude and was emotionally touched to be one of the nominees.

 

Below is the Back Cover of the Event Booklet – During the weekend prior to the above event, members of the North San Diego County NAACP working in partnership with other community organizations, held a DAY OF SERVICE to honor the memory of Dr. King – Volunteers came together to to help those in need in our community.

 

US Congressman Mike Levin gives a stirring speech, describing how he once personally accompanied US Congressman John Lewis (1940 – 2020) over the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. This was done in commemoration for that important historical event in the movement towards a more inclusive democracy and equal treatment of the races. Levin stated this important moment helped shape his social values to improve the treatment of all of our nation’s citizens. John Lewis  was often called the conscience of the congress.

Uplifting speeches were also given by Senator Catherine Blakespear, District 38, California State Legislature, and Mayor Esther Sanchez of the City of Oceanside.

 

The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award is an annual award given to a resident of the City of Oceanside or member of the U.S. Armed Forces stationed at Marine Corps Base (MCB) Camp Pendleton. The award is given to a resident who exemplifies the ideals and teachings of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who worked to advance civil rights, equal education, labor, and voter rights and who fought racial inequality through non-violence and civil disobedience. The Community Service Award began thirty years ago as a way to recognize persons in the community who have given time and energy through volunteerism to improve community life, develop positive relations in the community, and enhance the lives of individuals. The award has no restrictions as to race, ethnicity, gender, or type of service and is open to any resident of Oceanside or MCB Camp Pendleton. The North San Diego County Chapter of the NAACP partners with the City of Oceanside in presenting this Community Award.

All nominees for the 2023 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award receive the following:

– A Certificate of Special Recognition from the City of Oceanside, issued January 16th, 2023 from Esther Sanchez Mayor

– A Certificate of Special Congressional Recognition from Mike Levin, Member of the U.S. Congress 49th District, California, issued January 16th, 2023

– A Certificate of Recognition on behalf of the California State Senate, from Catherine Blakespear Senator, District 38, issued January 16th, 2023

 

Upon the stage, behind the podium, in the brown jacket is Inez Williams, Events Chairman for the North San Diego County NAACP – Holding the microphone is Mayor Esther Sanchez of the City of Oceanside – In front of them are four of the five nominees for the 2023 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. Mrs. Karen Williams Graham was one of the nominees, but is out of the frame of the above photo. The four nominees present in the above photo from left to right: Captain Lakyra Pharms; Eleanor Juanita Evans; Satia O. Austin; and Dr. Stan S. Katz.

 

Satia O. Austin receives the Dr. King Community Service Award.

Then Mayor Esther Sanchez presents the proclamation for Dr. King Day of Service and Community Breakfast Weekend, with special acknowledgement to NSDC NAACP, MiraCosta College Service Learning and Beatriz “Bea” Palmer.

 

 

Satia O. Austin, after winning the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 2023 Community Service Award, gives an acceptance speech describing her passion to help others in our community. A most inspiring woman.

 

All of the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award nominees received Certificates of Recognition from US Congressman Mike Levin, California State Senator Catherine Blakespear, and Oceanside Mayor Esther Sanchez.

 

 

Over the past twenty years, I’ve done historical research and written books honor great individuals who promoted peace and democracy, and sought to eliminate racism. Below are books I’ve written linked to these goals. My nomination for the MLK Community Service Award from the City of Oceanside and the NSDC NAACP was based on these books and research, as well as community volunteer service I’ve given over many years.

This historical novel reveals the thrilling adventures of a brilliant US Army Intelligence Agent, Colonel Sidney Mashbir (1891-1973). Mashbir’s fascinating career in espionage began in the American Southwest during the early 1900’s, maintaining stability along the U.S.- Mexico border during the Mexican Revolution.

During the 1920s, Mashbir moved to Japan and became a Japanese linguist. Throughout that decade and through the 1930s, he befriended some of the most influential Japanese leaders. And together, at great personal risk, they heroically resisted militarists pushing towards war. Instead, Mashbir and his Japanese allies creatively supported goodwill between the US and Japan, delaying and almost preventing WWII in the Pacific – However, that conflict could not be avoided.

The novel highlights the great contributions that Japanese Americans gave to their adopted nation during the war, despite the discrimination and injustices they faced in the United States prior to, and then greatly magnified during those war years. When 120,000 mainly Japanese American US citizens were incarcerated in internment camps, when they had done nothing wrong. Often with the loss of their possessions and the major disruption of their personal, educational, vocational lives. It was a dark moment in US History.

As for Colonel Sidney Mashbir, with the outbreak of war, he became General MacArthur’s top military strategy advisor in winning that conflict. And once it was over, he helped guide the US and Japan to once again become strong allies.

Mashbir often worked with his Navy buddy, the future Rear Admiral and Deputy Chief of Naval Intelligence, Ellis Zacharias (1890 – 1961). These good friends were early pioneers in the creation of the CIA.

To learn more, you’re invited to visit: TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com

 

-Colonel Mashbir’s most influential Japanese ally and close friend was Prince Iesato Tokugawa – aka Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940). Tokugawa was the leading advocate of Japan’s international peace and democracy movement during the first four decades of the 20th Century.

For 30 of those years, he served as President of Japan’s upper house of congress, the House of Peers. I felt privileged to have the opportunity to write about this unsung hero and humanitarian, who deserved a biography highlighting his fascinating life and outstanding accomplishments.

During the 1920s and 1930s Prince Tokugawa incorporated Lincoln Essay Contests into all Japanese Public Schools and Colleges to Fight Racism and Honor the Values of President Lincoln. Recognition was given to the students who best described those values.

I created the below sculpture in order to capture and honor the essence of three significant Men of Peace, who promoted Human Dignity and Racial Equality,

President Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (徳川 家達, August 24, 1863 – June 5, 1940)

 

Tokugawa loved his own Japanese culture. He also came to love the peoples and cultures of the West. This was despite the anti-Asian and anti-Black racism he often saw during his travels across the US. Prince Tokugawa, like Dr. King, recognized the common brotherhood of humanity.

Photo: February 19, 1929 Award Presentation for the student winners of the Third Lincoln Essay Contest which was held at the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Prince Tokugawa was the President of the America-Japan Society which sponsored the event.

Prince Tokugawa (front center) and Count Aisuke Kabayama (at far right). This illustration is courtesy of the America-Japan Society. This fine organization, located in Japan, was founded in 1917 and continues to this day to promote amity and mutual understanding between the Japanese and American people. Prince Tokugawa was its 2nd president from 1924 until his passing in 1940. To learn more, here is the internet link to the America-Japan Society:    http://ajstokyo.org/en-home/

 

In 1930, Tokugawa was selected as the Keynote Speaker at the 25th Anniversary Celebration for Rotary International held in Chicago. There, he presented a speech encouraging peaceful international relations to 15,000 fellow Rotarians gathered from around the world.

The New York Times, June 27, 1930, press photo: “Japanese Prince Addresses Rotarian Convention: In an address of international importance, before 15,000 Rotarians assembled in Chicago for their Silver Anniversary Jubilee.” The following are two excerpts his inspiring speech, which was titled ‘National Aspirations.’

“Japan’s foremost aspiration is to cultivate the arts of peace and live at peace with her neighbors, near or distant, great or small.”

“Peace is a continuous process. Like liberty, peace demands “eternal vigilance” as its price. To the goal of peace, there can be no short cut.”

 

Prince Tokugawa was to be the Heir to the last powerful ruling Shogun. However, when that 265 year old dynasty ended in 1868, he instead took to the world stage as an international statesman. As a Renaissance man and adept diplomat, he creatively shared his passion for the arts, music, culture, science, athletic sports, and nature to establish bridges of friendship and understanding between the East and the West, while also promoting mutual respect within Asia. He is a fine role model for our current leaders dealing with the urgent issues of today that require international cooperation to solve.

Tokugawa supported higher education and a greater voice for women in public affairs. And despite his major influence, he maintained his humility. Often working behind the scenes, remaining unrecognized for many of his important achievements. Colonel Mashbir described Tokugawa as the true hidden power behind the Japanese Imperial Throne, and that he was so influential, that it was only after his passing in 1940, that militants were able to push Japan towards war with the Allies.

Two versions of the Prince Tokugawa’s biography were written: The Art of Diplomacy & The Art of Peace.

The Art of Peace book cover displays a 1934 photo of Tokugawa receiving an Honorary Doctor of Law Degree from the President of the University of Southern California for his lifelong philanthropic & academic contributions and for his promotion of respectful East / West relations. Tokugawa’s son is also in the photo, as is the President of USC’s Board of Directors. The following year, USC presented the same honorary award to President FDR.

 

To encourage respect between Japan and China, Prince Tokugawa and his influential Japanese industrialist ally & friend, Baron Shibusawa, incorporated Chinese literature courses into Japan’s colleges with hopes it would encourage better inter-cultural understanding and prevent conflict.

 

However, WWII could be delayed, but not prevented. So as to save innocent civilian lives, Prince Tokugawa, as President of the Red Cross Society of Japan, served as Chairman of the 1934 International Red Cross Conference held in Tokyo – During that significant global gathering, they approved the establishment of demilitarized “safe zones” in war-torn China, which prior to, and during WWII, provided refuge for tens of thousands of European Jews fleeing the Holocaust and also offered safety for hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians.

  • One would hope that recognition of this major Japanese humanitarian achievement might help improve current strained relations between China and Japan, leading to greater regional stability, cooperation, and amity.

 

And to establish an ongoing legacy of U.S. – Japan friendship, Prince Tokugawa guided the Japanese gifting of cherry blossom trees to the U.S. in 1912, into becoming the National Cherry Blossom Festival in 1935. This delightful yearly celebration continues to this day in Washington, D.C., and is one of our nation’s largest and most popular international goodwill events.

 

The Legacy of Prince Tokugawa’s Respect for Human Equality linked to President Abraham Lincoln Lives On

Prince Tokugawa went beyond judging others by their race, creed, or color, as revealed by his sponsorship of Lincoln Essay Contests in all Japanese public schools and universities during the 1920s and ’30s. He would be delighted to know of the continued friendship between the U.S. and Japan, and that future Japanese and U.S. leaders would join together to recognize the importance of President Lincoln’s universal message. Perhaps, someday, Essay Contests will be sponsored in schools of the U.S., Japan, and other nations, honoring the fine values of Iesato Tokugawa.

April 27, 2015: U.S. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe tour the Lincoln Memorial. They are looking towards the Washington Monument on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Prime Minister Abe was in Washington, D.C. for meetings with President Obama. Abe also attended a state dinner in his honor at the White House the following night. A U.S. administration official described the above photo as follows:

“This is an opportunity before the formal events tomorrow to spend time together one-on-one at a place of historical significance for the United States, as this month marks both the 150th anniversary of the Civil War’s end as well as President Lincoln’s passing…”

The above photo and description of the diplomatic meeting between President Obama and Prime Minister Abe, comes from the conclusion of the Prince Tokugawa biography. The goal of my books is that they bring inspiring leaders from the past, back to life, igniting an interest, even a passion for history. To be enjoyed by the general public and shared in academic curriculum.

 

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. EVENT

It was inspiring seeing the 300 attendees to the Dr. King Community Prayer Breakfast. Many of these individuals are active in organizations that work to create a more positive and inclusive community where we look out for one another with friendship and respect. In the below photo, Silent Auction items are on display – Proceeds going to support the many fine services given by the North San Diego County Chapter of the NAACP.

During this gathering:

Two talented high school teenagers were recognized as part of this wonderful event. One sang an emotionally connecting song, another contributed artwork for the Silent Auction Fundraiser for the NSDC NAACP.

There was also an impressive 7 year old girl who expressively danced on the front stage as uplifting music was played, the audience came to their feet in applause.

The breakfast was delicious and the company friendly and welcoming to one another.

Representatives of Mira Costa College, also the Captain and several City of Oceanside police officers were in attendance. Other City of Oceanside officials and other San Diego community groups were also represented.

A Reverend gave a meaningful prayer of appreciation before a delightful breakfast was served.

 

Gary Rossell (shown below), and his wife Carolyn, are founders of the Rossell African-American History Awareness Museum. They regularly travel around the county to bring their beautifully illustrated and inspiring exhibits to public social justice commemorative events, such as this Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. community gathering.

 

Carolyn Rossell (above, her side view to the camera), along with her husband, Gary, created this wonderfully inspiring educational exhibit.

I showed Gary and Carolyn Rossell the rare 1939 photo below. This Photo was discovered and identified while doing historical research that honors the legacy of Thurgood Marshall (Marshall is at far right in photo).

Gary and Carolyn expressed great interest in utilizing this unique piece of history as part of an upcoming exhibit to honor the accomplishments of Thurgood Marshall, our nation’s first Black US Supreme Court Judge.

Marshall took a major role in gaining equal rights for all citizens in our nation and was a driving force in the growth of the NAACP. In the above photo, the 31 year attorney Marshall allies with President FDR to advance the treatment of Black Workers. Marshall was then on the Legal staff of the NAACP. The following year, 1940, he was selected Chief of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which was created to mount a legal assault against segregation. Marshall became one of our nation’s leading judicial voices. He argued 32 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, winning 29.

June 13th, 1967: Thurgood Marshall meets in friendship and mutual respect with President Lyndon B. Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on the day that Marshall was nominated by Johnson to serve on the Supreme Court. Photo courtesy of the LBJ Museum & Library

 

Acknowledgments

  • It was a pleasure to meet Joe Farmer, who was seated at my same table. In 2009, he was the recipient of the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. During his 40 years of service at Camp Pendleton, he oversaw upkeep and maintenance. In addition, he served as Commissioner of Housing for the City of Oceanside.
  • Also seated at our table was US Marine Captain Lakyra Pharms (shown below), one of the five nominees for the 2023 award.

During the event, I gifted a copy of the illustrated biography, The Art of Diplomacy to Captain Lakyra Pharms. Lakyra suggested we take a photo, and above is results. Lakyra’s significant community achievements, as that of the other nominees are included in the Event booklet shown at the top of this article, which was distributed at the event. Lakyra mentioned the future possibility of going towards a career in the diplomatic service.

Several of the above photos of the MLK Community Service Award nominees were kindly provided by Joseph Farmer, the 2009 Recipient of the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award.

Thanks also go to Bea Palmer, an active member of the NAACP, who helped bring about this MLK commemorative event. Bea Palmer is Vice-President – Board of Directors of “Operation HOPE” – North County San Diego, whose mission is to provide a safe environment for both families with children and single women who are experiencing homelessness and to help support them as they rebuild their lives and regain HOPE.” Bea Palmer is also actively involved at MiraCosta College, encouraging bright young students to engage with and improve their community.

Below is a link to learn more about Bea Palmer and the MiraCosta College Service Learning program mentioned above:   https://hub.miracosta.edu/meet/profile.aspx?id=65

I also had the pleasure of meeting Margery Pierce, who took an active part in setting up this MLK event. She was the Director of Neighborhood Services for the City of Oceanside.

Appreciation goes out to the representatives of the North San Diego County NAACP for supporting this community event. “The NAACP’s mission is to achieve equity, political rights, and social inclusion by advancing policies and practices that expand human and civil rights, eliminate discrimination, and accelerate the well-being, education, and economic security of Black people and all persons of color.”

There were many other individuals and organizations who took a significant role in making this wonderful event come to life. Gratitude goes out to all of them! The following illustration was the last page of the booklet that was distributed at this gathering. It highlights many of those who generously supported this event.

 

 

 

 

Establishing the “Prince Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund” – promoting peace, democracy, and a love of music.

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A MEMORIAL FUND THAT ENCOURAGES PEACE, DEMOCRACY, AND A LOVE OF MUSIC.

Your suggestions are welcome. 

[email protected]

*****************************************************************************

 

Prince Tokugawa Iesato (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, 1863-1940) 

Potential names for the foundation:

Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund: honoring the memory of Prince Tokugawa, promoting global peace and democracy, and a love for music in children. 

Tokugawa Memorial Fund: honoring the memory of Prince Tokugawa, promoting global peace and democracy, and a love for music in children. 

 

MISSION STATEMENT:

This non-profit memorial fund would emphasize the strong continuing alliance between the US and Japan, and the broader message of international peace and democracy. Grants would be given to organizations and individuals who have contributed to these admirable goals.

Based on Prince Tokugawa’s strong connections to the visual arts and music, the theme for this foundation might also go the route of supporting children’s access to the wonderful world of music. Prince Tokugawa encouraged the sharing of Japanese music with the Western world, and brought an appreciation to Japan of music from the West.

It is believed there would be strong support for this memorial fund from a wide array of individuals and businesses who encourage the ongoing amity between the US and Japan. 

This memorial fund would give recognition to the educational / political affairs organization the San Diego World Affairs Council (SDWAC) and its national organization, the World Affairs Councils of America (WACA), the largest non-profit, non-partisan, educational/political affairs organization in the United States.

Prince Tokugawa held distinguished leading roles in many diplomatic organizations during his career, some of these organizations continue to this day. There are also other more recent Japanese and US Japan international goodwill organizations who might well have interest in assisting in the launching of a memorial fund that honors one of Japan’s great humanitarian statesmen.

Below is a growing initial list of organizations in the fields of education/diplomacy/cultural exchange, who would be contacted. 

–Japan Society of New York

–America-Japan Society headquartered in Tokyo.

–Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA

–East West Center

–Praemium Imperiale: Honors the memory of Prince Takamatsu (who was the nephew of Prince Tokugawa).

–Tokugawa Art Museum in Japan

–Tokugawa History Museum in Japan

-National Museum of American Diplomacy – A Museum in Development. Located at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., the National Museum of American Diplomacy is a public-private partnership between the State Department and the Diplomacy Center Foundation. For the first time, visitors will have a unique experience at the only museum in the United States dedicated to the subject of diplomacy. No other museum brings diplomatic history to the forefront in its exhibits; no other institution is solely dedicated to collecting the artifacts of diplomacy.

 

POSSIBLE DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS FROM THIS FOUNDATION

– 50% would on a yearly basis go to a non-profit organization such as Classics For Kids, which is an educational performing arts organization dedicated to inspire children through the experience of live music, generate creativity, academic success, and cultural understanding. Classics For Kids would oversee the Tokugawa Memorial Fund.

– The other 50% would on a yearly basis be gifted to non-profit organizations and/or individuals in recognition of their efforts to promote better international understanding, peace, and democracy. A ceremony honoring the recipients might be part of this gifting process.

For instance:

*10% might go to US Japan international goodwill organization, such as a student exchange program between Japan and the U.S.

*10% going to the World Affairs Councils of America to support their ongoing efforts to promote better international understanding.

*10% going to the San Diego World Affairs Council, a local chapter of the World Affairs Councils of America.

*10% going to the San Diego Diplomacy Council.

*10% going to a different nonprofit goodwill organization each year. Chosen by the administrators of the memorial fund.

 

Overview of some of Prince Tokugawa’s leadership positions and noble achievements

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940) was a Renaissance man, an adept diplomat and politician, who shared his passion for the arts, music, science, and nature to create cultural and political bridges between the East and the West, while also promoting mutual respect within Asia. He is was in many ways the leading diplomatic face of Japan during the first four decades of the 20th Century. Tokugawa befriended six US presidents and many other world leaders in the pursuit of peace. If not for his untimely passing in 1940, Japan would not have become an adversary of the Allies in WWII. 

However, during the aftermath of WWII, there was a joint US Japan political goal to expediently leave the war years behind them and reestablish a strong US Japan Alliance. And in that process, Prince Tokugawa’s amazing legacy has been forgotten and almost erased from history. It is hoped that by honoring the memory of this great statesman that it will result in a reduction of international tensions in Asia that are still linked to Japan’s role in WWII.

A man ahead of his time, Prince Tokugawa supported higher education and a greater voice for women in public affairs, and despite his powerful influence, he maintained his humility, often working behind the scenes, remaining unrecognized for many of his significant achievements.

Based on his adept domestic and international leadership skills, Prince Tokugawa would make a fine role model for our current leaders dealing with the urgent issues of today that require international cooperative efforts to solve. Below is a list of some of his prominent positions and accomplishments: 

–President of the Upper House of the Japanese Congress for thirty years.

–President of the Red Cross Society of Japan

–President of the Japanese Medical Association

–Took a pivotal role in establishing the  National Cherry Blossom Festival, the largest international goodwill celebration in the US Capital.

–Honorary Member of Rotary International, he was the Keynote Speaker at the 25th Anniversary of Rotary International, attended by 15,000 attendees from around the world. 

–President of the America-Japan Society

-Held many other Honorary positions with other organizations.

-Promoted the sharing/exchange of art and music, and even athletic sporting events to encourage international goodwill. 

-With the goal of preventing wars during the 1920s, Tokugawa took a leading role in the Washington Naval Conference, promoting the first international military arms limitations conference in history.

–Prince Tokugawa strove to maintain peace with China. When hostilities arose, he wished to protect innocent lives. Tokugawa led the Red Cross Society of Japan and the Red Cross International Conference to create demilitarized Safe Zones in Japanese controlled regions of China, such as in the city Shanghai. These safe havens helped save the lives of hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and tens of thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust in Europe.

 

–Lincoln Essay Contests in all Japanese public schools and public universities. Prince Tokugawa was quite aware of the discrimination that the Western powers had towards Asians during the age of colonialism and up into the first few decades of the 20th Century. Tokugawa, himself, had a British education and respected the many of the values of the Western nations. However, in order to eliminate their anti-Asian prejudices, Tokugawa guided Japan to set the example by sharing the humanitarian principle of treating others, as he would wish others to treat his fellow Asians. To achieve this, he incorporated Lincoln Essay Contests into all Japanese public schools and public universities. The goal of these writing contests was to honor the values of Abraham Lincoln in his efforts to eliminate racism against Blacks.

Prince Tokugawa honoring the university winners of the Lincoln Essay Contest during the 1920s

Photo courtesy of the Japan Society of New York.

In recognition of Prince Tokugawa’s efforts to combat racism, the below bronze sculpture was created by the Stan S. Katz, the author of Prince Tokugawa’s biography. Replicas of this sculpture will be gifted to international goodwill organizations that wish to honor the memory of Prince Tokugawa. Prince Tokugawa is shown accompanied by President Abraham Lincoln and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

 

 

 

Japan Society’s Annual Dinner event honors Prince Tokugawa – Feb. 27, 1934. This diplomatic goodwill gathering took place at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City. This photo is a segment of a much larger photo, where over 200 attendees showed their esteem for Prince Tokugawa during his visit to the US.

[Source of this rare photo: TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com website ]

 

In 1935 Prince Tokugawa invited thousands of educators from around the world to visit Japan for a one week academic conference. The goal to create a school curriculum that would encourage respectful treatment of other cultures and international peace.

 

One of Prince Tokugawa‘s closest Japanese allies in promoting international goodwill was Baron Shibusawa Eiichi (aka Baron Eiichi Shibusawa, 1840-1931).

Shibusawa was great humanitarian. He is also known as the “Father of the Japanese Modern Economy and Japanese Capitalism.”

Presented above are two of the half dozen US Presidents that Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa allied with to promote US Japan goodwill: Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. 

 

Among his many creative efforts during the 1920s and ’30s to maintain friendship between Japan and the US, Prince Tokugawa allied with US military intelligence agent Colonel Sidney Mashbir during the 1920s and ’30s.

 Colonel Sidney Mashbir (1891-1973)

For more information about the alliance between Prince Tokugawa and this US intelligence agent, below is a link to a one hour YouTube video presentation given to Osher Lifelong Education Institute – University of California San Diego – January 8th, 2020.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu45j0XoO6k&t=9s

 

DESPITE PRINCE TOKUGAWA’S MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS, HE HAS REMAINED RELATIVELY UNKNOWN, UNTIL NOW.

His biography is Available in two versions:

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY & THE ART OF PEACE

Future plans include the translation of the this biography into Japanese, and perhaps other languages.

 

PRINT & KINDLE EDITION

 

 

EXPANDED EBOOK EDITION

THE ART OF PEACE book cover presents a recently discovered photograph of Prince Tokugawa receiving an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Southern California (USC), during a special luncheon given March 19th, 1934 in Los Angeles.

The Los Angeles Times stated that this honorary degree was given to Prince Tokugawa:

“In recognition of distinguished service in international statesmanship,” and for his “support of many philanthropic and educational movements.”

In accepting the honor, Tokugawa respectfully said,

“He wished to receive this honor in the name of the Japanese people as a whole rather than as a personal distinction.”

The Los Angeles Times also stated that a banquet dinner was to be hosted that evening, by the Japan-America Society of Los Angeles, to honor Prince Tokugawa’s visit. The Governor of California and the former Mayor of Los Angeles planned to attend.

 

 

       Praise for the biography

 

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired) wrote:

“Amazing little known history. I enjoyed every chapter.”

 

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations wrote:

“I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

 

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California wrote:

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

 

Suzette Heiman, Director of Planning and Communications – The Missouri School of Journalism at University of Missouri [The first school of Journalism in the U.S.] wrote:

“We look forward to adding this biography to the School’s library collection. Your goal to reach high school and college students with this information is an ambitious – but important – goal.”

 

Toru Shigehara: Head Librarian/Information Resources Center Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation and Museum wrote:

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors. With gratitude,”

 

Bill Davison – President of the North County Chapter of the San Diego World Affairs Council wrote:

“Entertaining and Educational! This wonderful book will almost certainly broaden your perspective on US-Japanese relationships.”

 

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California wrote:

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

 

-One half of author’s profits from Prince Tokugawa’s biography will be gifted to the Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1948 – Walt Disney and his corporate pilot Marine Colonel Kelvin Bailey (retired) promote the Marine Corps League Toys for Tots gift campaign.

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One of Colonel Sidney Mashbir’s good friends was Marine Lt. Colonel Kelvin Bailey. When Kelvin Bailey retired from the military, he became corporate pilot for Walt Disney. This 1948 Photo was taken in Walt Disney’s office in Burbank, California. Standing with Walt (he didn’t like being called Mr. Disney) is Kelvin Bailey. They are accompanied by Kelvin’s wife Gwen, who was something of a starlet in her day.

The author of this blog post was gifted this photo by Colonel Robert F. Warren, who was a mutual friend of Colonel Sidney Mashbir and Colonel Kelvin Bailey.

Please note the Marine Corps League Toys for Tots gift boxes in the photo. This national non-profit organization distributes toys to needy kids during the Holidays. Kelvin was an ideal representative for the United States Marine Corps Reserve who run the program. The poster was designed by Walt, and it was the first poster designed for the Toys for Tots program.

Robert Warren shared the below biographical details about Kelvin Bailey.

Kelvin Bailey’s Marine Corps service in WWII included combat flying dive bombers in the Philippine Islands, were exemplary.

Years later, Kelvin became the staff pilot for Medal of Honor recipient Marine Major General Christian Schilt – Schilt received the MOH at a White House Lawn ceremony in 1928. It was presented by President Calvin Coolidge for General Schilt’s heroic action during the Banana Wars in Central America during the 1920s. During a battle, Schilt saved the lives of many wounded Marines by landing his bi-plane, under intense gunfire, on a dirt road in the middle of a town in Nicaragua, delivering ammunition and taking out the wounded who were fastened to the wings. Christian F. Schilt was the 2nd person promoted to the rank of 4 Star Marine Corps General. Previously, the only 4 Star Marine Corps General was the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Schilt received his promotion to 4 Stars on the day he retired.

Robert first met Sidney Mashbir’s friend Kelvin in 1952, at the El Toro Marine Air Station in California, when Robert started his five year tenure as General Schilt’s Aide. The reason Robert was selected for that job was because he could teach Schilt to fly a helicopter. Schilt wore his Lieutenant General (3 Star) rank as the Director of Marine Aviation when Kelvin Bailey and Robert Warren worked for him in Washington for a couple of years.

Robert and Kelvin planned the General’s multiple trips to the Far East and many around the USA as well, often to Washington, D.C. When General Schilt retired in 1957, Kelvin started flying from Washington National Airport, his flights included Presidential candidates Goldwater, Kennedy, and Nixon, monitored by the CIA.

Unexpectedly, Kelvin received a call from a Walt Disney Productions Executive who asked if he would be interested in flying a newly manufactured Disney jet called “Mickey Mouse One.” He accepted the offer and became Walt Disney’s personal pilot, flying the Walt Disney Productions Gulfstream for over ten years. He often flew Walt to Kissimmee, Florida during the planning and building of Walt Disney World. The Gulfstream call sign was, ‘2-3-4 Mickey Mouse’.

 

 

This news article gives details about the Toys for Tots gifting program and the history of Walt Disney Co. as one of the earliest supporters of this organization, working with the Marine Corps Reserves.

Below is a transcription of this article:

Written by Teresa Anicola, Courier-Post, Camden, New Jersey, 07 November 2002, Page 17.

“Bring a new toy to the movie”

“If you’re planning to see Disney’s holiday movie The Santa Clause 2 starring Tim Allen this month bring along something extra – a new toy. Collection bins for the Marine Corp Reserve’s Toys for Tots Program will be place in theaters nationwide so needy children can receive a new toy this holiday season. Toy collections began Sunday and continue through Dec. 18. In addition to theaters, the bins will be place in restaurants and major malls nationwide.

55th season

This year marks the 55th holiday season the Marine Corp Reserves and Disney, a founding sponsor of the drive, have joined to brighten the lives of children. “The mission of both Toys for Tots and the Walt Disney Co. is to help bring a smile to a child’s face.” Said Disney Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Michael Eisner.

The Walt Disney Co. has been an original sponsor of the program since its inception in 1947. In 1948, Walt Disney personally designed the original Toys for Tots logo, which is still in use. He also designed the first poster created for the campaign in 1956 featuring Donald Duck dressed as Santa Claus driving the Toys for Tots logo train.

“We are extremely grateful to Walt Disney for all of their years of support,” said Maj. Bill Green of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. Last year, more than 6 million children received toys. Toy collection and distribution will take place in 1,400 communities.

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Regrettably, Colonel Bailey had a serious automobile accident and his health went downhill, but Robert remained his close friend throughout the remainder of Kelvin’s life.

For the past several years, Robert recommended Kelvin Bailey be enshrined in the Michigan Aviation Hall Of Fame.

On April 18th, 2020, a dinner ceremony was scheduled to honor Bailey’s induction into that museum.

What is the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame enshrinement? 

The Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame was established in 1987 to recognize men and women who have made significant contributions to aviation. Each year, the Air Zoo is proud to induct a new class of enshrines, who take their place in the Hall of Fame exhibit located inside the Air Zoo. Learn more at airzoo.org/michigan-aviation-hall-of-fame.  

An image of Kelvin Bailey is in the upper left of the above illustration.

Robert stated that he was proud of his long association with Kelvin Bailey and was very pleased with Kelvin’s forthcoming inclusion into military aviation history.

“He richly deserves this high honor.”

 

 

This website includes additional historical information about Kelvin Bailey’s good friends Colonel Sidney Mashbir and Colonel Robert F. Warren.

Below are the autobiographies of these two distinguished military officers:

 

 

 

 

Almost a textbook on Military Intelligence. Originally published 1953.

 

There is also a historical espionage novel about Colonel Mashbir’s adventures. 

 

 

 

 

Colonel Sidney Mashbir’s good friend Colonel Robert F. Warren has just had his autobiography “Only In My America” published highlighting his distinguished military aviation career.

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As an author and historian who has studied and written about Colonel Sidney Mashbir, it was my good fortune when Marine Colonel Robert Warren and his son Marine Captain William Warren contacted me three years ago in 2018 to discuss their close friendship with Colonel Mashbir decades earlier.

During the years leading up to and during World War One, Mashbir had taken a pivotal role in maintaining US homeland security against foreign enemy agents. During WWII, Mashbir headed a top-secret intelligence gathering organization for the Allies that greatly shaped military strategy in the Pacific theater of war. Mashbir met and shared this information with General Douglas MacArthur on a daily basis throughout the war. MacArthur five times recommended Colonel Mashbir be promoted to Brigadier General, but political differences following WWII, resulted in Colonel Mashbir never getting that deserved promotion. To learn more about Colonel Mashbir, fascinating exploits, you’re invited to explore this website TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com when you get the opportunity.

Robert and William Warren, both being younger than Mashbir, were inspired and influenced by Colonel Mashbir’s dedication to the United States of America. Colonel Mashbir was likewise impressed by the heroic military careers of Robert and William Warren and their dedication to their nation. William and Robert were interviewed and generously shared various personal and historical insights about their friend Sidney Mashbir. They also shared some fascinating photos linked to Mashbir’s career.

Both Colonel Mashbir and Colonel Warren had a mutual interest in military aviation – Colonel Mashbir designed the first sonar-guided blind-landing aviation guidance system for the military. And anticipation of the potential outbreak of WWII, Mashbir took a pivotal role in guiding the US industrial production of essential Naval aviation equipment and supplies during the decade prior to WWII.

 

 

BELOW IS A DESCRIPTION OF COLONEL ROBERT F. WARREN’S IMPRESSIVE AUTOBIOGRAPHY:

This is the engaging life story of a decorated United States Marine Corps aviator, who served with distinction in World War II, Vietnam and Korea. Colonel Robert F. Warren is the only Marine aviator who has commanded both a Marine Helicopter Squadron and later a Marine Jet Attack Squadron. Along the way, Colonel Warren earned three Distinguished Flying Crosses, the Legion of Merit with Combat “V” and many other awards in recognition of his heroism and achievements in aerial flight, and his significant contributions to the success of the United States Marine Corps.
Born in Riverside, MI and raised in nearby Coloma, MI after being orphaned by the death of his mother, and the absence of his father, Bob was later adopted by family members. Separated from his older brother, they would both grow up to be pilots – Bill a pioneer in commercial aviation, and Bob a career military pilot.

Bob joined the Navy Flight Training Program in August, 1942. He received his Naval Aviator Wings and Marine Corps 2nd Lieutenant commission at the age of 19. He trained to be a night fighter pilot at Vero Beach, FL in 1944.

In 1945, during World War II, Bob fought as a Marine night fighter pilot during the Battle for Okinawa, and he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for “heroism and extraordinary achievement in aerial flight”.

Warren instructed Marine fixed-wing pilots transitioning to helicopters, at the outbreak of the Korean War, as part of Helicopter Experimental Squadron One in Quantico, VA (HMX-1).  He was one of three original officers assigned to Helicopter Squadron 161 (HMR-161); the first U.S. Military all-helicopter squadron, commissioned in January of 1951. Seven months later, HMR-161 embarked on the USS Sitkoh Bay (CVE-86) for Korea.

Warren was a pioneer helicopter pilot during the Korean War, designing and manufacturing external sling hoists and quick releasing cargo hooks, in the machine shop on board the Sitkoh Bay, en route to Korea. In Korea, HMR-161 was located farther into North Korea than any other U.S. or South Korean force.

Warren participated in Operations Windmill I and II, the first time entire front line battalions were relieved in place, completely by helicopter. Warren was awarded a second Distinguished Flying Cross for Operation Blackbird, a combat operation executed in complete darkness. It was considered the most dangerous mission during the squadron’s entire Korean combat tour. Warren was awarded a third Distinguished Flying Cross for his heroic efforts to rescue a downed pilot forty miles behind enemy lines.

After 14 years of helicopter flying, without an accident, Warren transitioned to flying swept-wing jets. He was assigned as Commanding Officer of a A-4 Marine Attack Squadron 331 (VMA-331). Colonel Warren served a thirteen month tour with distinction in Vietnam. Returning to CA, he commanded a Marine Air Group at MCAS, Tustin.

Warren retired in September, 1969 after more than 27 years of military flying. Between 1981 and 1987, Warren was recalled to active duty six times, to serve at the Pentagon on an Advisory Committee on Retired Personnel.

 

Below are some additional fascinating historical materials and information linked to the military career of Robert Warren:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1965: Colonel Robert F. Warren VMA 331 CO.

Below is the jet linked to Colonel Robert F. Warren:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1969: Colonel Robert F. Warren.

Col. Robert F. Warren was honored into the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame on May 21, 2011. This hall of fame is part of what is known as the Air Zoo, which described below:

 

About the Air Zoo

The Air Zoo is a highly charged, multi-sensory atmosphere that goes beyond anything you’ve ever seen. It’s like no place else on Earth!

The Air Zoo, founded as the Kalamazoo Aviation History Museum, is an aviation museum and indoor amusement park next to the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport in Portage, Michigan. The Air Zoo holds many historical and rare aircraft, including the world’s fastest air-breathing aircraft, the SR-71B Blackbird. Many of its antique planes are airworthy. Among its other attractions are a 180-degree Theater that projects a 4-D simulation of a B-17 bombing mission during World War II. There are also various amusement park-style rides, including Full-Motion Flight Simulators of a rocket trip to Mars, U.S. Navy F/A-18 Hornets, a stunt biplane, a hot air balloon, and more. Air Zoo is a Smithsonian Affiliate.

https://www.airzoo.org/

Voted the “Best Place to Take Out-of-Towners” and “Best Place to Spend a Day with Your Family” three years in a row, offering historical exhibits and educational activities.

Our Mission is to preserve the legacy of flight for present and future generations.

Our Vision is to be the number one aviation museum in the world.

Our Pledge is to provide the best experience possible to everyone, every time.

 

The below biographical material comes from the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame:

Colonel Robert F. Warren, USMC, Retired

1923-

Colonel Robert F. Warren was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan in 1923 and went on to join Helicopter Experimental Squadron One in Quantico, Virginia where he instructed marine fixed-wing pilots transitioning to helicopters at the outbreak of the Korean War. Warren was one of three original officers assigned to Helicopter Squadron 161 (HMR-161), the first U.S. Military all-helicopter squadron.

Seven months after receiving its first helicopter, HMR-161 embarked on the USS Sitkoh Bay for Korea. Using the ship’s machine shops on route to Korea, Warren helped design and manufacture external sling hoists and quick-loading external cargo hooks which became the norm for helicopter operations for years to come.

Warren was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross for Operation Blackbird, a night combat operation executed in complete darkness and considered the most hazardous by HMR-161 during its entire Korean combat tour.
On February 8, 1952, he rescued a downed pilot 40 miles behind enemy lines for which he was awarded a second Distinguished Flying Cross. In 14 years of helicopter flying, he never had a single accident, although he experienced complete engine failure twice. Both times he auto rotated to a safe landing.

Back in the U.S., Warren was promoted to major and selected as aide-de-camp to Medal of Honor winner General Christian Schilt, USMC. Upon Schilt’s retirement in 1957, Warren returned to Santa Ana where he joined HMM-363. He was in charge of a three helicopter special mission which transported President Dwight Eisenhower from the San Francisco International Airport to the Presidio.

In the U.S., he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and served as a helicopter tactics instructor in the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in Quantico for the next four years. He was then transferred to the Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort, S.C. to transition to flying fixed-wing jets. Upon completion, he was assigned as commanding officer, Marine Attack Squadron-331 (VMA-331). Warren is the only pilot to have commanded both a Marine Corps helicopter squadron (HMH-363) and a Marine Corps jet attack squadron (VMA-331).

In June of 1968, he returned to California in command of a Marine helicopter air group comprising seven squadrons and more than 5,000 Marines. He retired in September, 1969 after 27 years of active duty flying. From 1981 to 1987 he was recalled to active duty and ordered to the Pentagon six times to serve on an advisory committee for the Secretary of the Navy.
Col. Robert F. Warren was enshrined into the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame on May 21, 2011.

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Currently available as an EBook.

Print Edition available October 1, 2021, but can be pre-ordered. 

Being a new release, please consider sharing  a book review with Amazon, Barnes & Noble and Goodreads – Thank you.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This BLOG POST presents Robert Warren and William Warren’s personal memories of their secret agent friend Sidney Mashbir, someone they both highly respected. 

Another BLOG POST highlights Colonel Kelvin Bailey, a mutual friend of Colonel Mashbir and Colonel Warren, who after retiring from his distinguished military aviation career, became the personal/corporate pilot for Walt Disney.

 

 

 

Colonel Mashbir was instrumental in correcting an injustice that made a life-changing difference to a couple of young soldiers he never met. This historical material also gives insights into U.S. Korean relations and the rise of communism just prior to the outbreak of the Korean War (1950-1953).

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Shown below are a letter, a photo, and a four page document that were sent to me by Jody Baltz, the son-in-law of Robert Wilson Murphy, of one of those two soldiers.

Jody and his wife Lesa, who is the youngest of Wilson’s three daughters, contacted me to let me know that Colonel Mashbir was a hero not only to his father-in-law, but also to Jody and Lesa’s entire family, who deeply respected Colonel Mashbir for what he did.

Jody and Lesa live in Tullahoma, Tennessee.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Circa 1950, Robert Wilson Murphy

Robert Wilson Murphy was restored to duty on 25 March 1949.

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September 2020

Stan:

Attached is the Memo that Col. Mashbir wrote in 1948 that restored my future father-in-law, Robert Wilson Murphy (1928-2017), to duty. He was in the 6th Division, 20th Infantry Regiment, during the Korean occupation (post-WWII) and stationed in Kwangju. The unit was involved in demobilizing the Japanese forces and providing back up to the Korean constables as Korea was overrun at that time by organized criminal and/or communist gangs. During his tour of duty he and another soldier were attacked, but blame was assessed against them, and both were court-martialed and sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Eventually they were pardoned and restored to duty.

For over fifty years my father-in-law had a lot of guilt and embarrassment about being court-martialed and imprisoned. He would never talk about his service, but since we were interested he finally let us digitize his photo scrapbook that covered his time in the army and began to tell us about what had happened. In 2006 he obtained a copy of his service file (scorched and partially burned, but it survived the infamous 1973 St. Louis fire) and that is when we found out that Col. Mashbir was instrumental in correcting an injustice. He had written a memo that analyzed the case and recommended his restoration to duty, which was ultimately approved.

After reading about Col. Mashbir’s background and service, we soon realized that it was a miracle that Wilson’s case crossed his desk at that time – first, in that Mashbir was at the Pentagon only a short time before retiring, so the window of opportunity for him to review the case was small, and secondly, in that no one could better appreciate the Korean/Far East situation at the time.

We know it was not a big incident in Mashbir’s career, but it sure made a life-changing difference to a couple of young soldiers he never met and that is why I thought you would be interested in it.

If you have any questions, or need more info, just let me know. If convenient, please reply so that I know the email with the attachments got through to you.

 

Regards,

Jody Baltz

P.S. As an aside, for many years we could not understand why one of Wilson’s favorite movies was “A Few Good Men” since he rarely watched movies with profane language; that is, until we heard his story.

 

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The following four page document highlights Colonel Mashbir’s decision to exonerate Robert Wilson Murphy and another young soldier.

-Below the images of this document is a Transcription of the four pages.

This document almost didn’t survive a major fire, but it now lives on as a tribute to one of Colonel Mashbir’s many worthy achievements.

Colonel Mashbir’s father was an attorney, who went blind, and at the age of 13 Sidney Mashbir assisted his father in reading his legal documents to him, and various other legal responsibilities. His attorney  skills are apparent in the below document.

Thanks go out to you Jody and your family for sharing this material.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSCRIPTION OF THE ABOVE FOUR PAGE DOCUMENT:

 

COPY:

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

Washington 25, D. C.

AGEZ 220.89   (2 Dec 48)                                                  7 December 1948

 

MEMORANDUM FOR:    Colonel Lloyd R. Garrison, Chief, Correction Branch, AGO

 

SUBJECT:       Restoration to duty of Sergeant Robert W. Murphy, RA 14 219 538 and Private First Class Curtis V. Allred, RA 19 281 204.

 

DISCUSSION

 

  1. Both of these men were sentenced for “acting jointly and in pursuance of common intent” with certain Koreans, in the damaging of a field safe valued at $40.12; in the felonious taking, stealing and carrying away of a pistol, ammunition and military payment certificates of a total value of $4,333.75 (changed by the court to $1,500); and of wrongly displaying cowardice in permitting depredation of the Non-Commissioned Officers Club, 20th Infantry, and for wrongly displaying cowardice in failing to properly safeguard the contents of the club after overpowering the attackers, by permitting them to commit depredations of government property.

 

  1. Certain facts are at once apparent:

 

a. These men were convicted by evidence of two Koreans, admitted criminals, whose testimony was contradictory to that of the Americans.

 

b. When first attacked by the armed Koreans, although unarmed, they instantaneously, entirely as a reflex action without time for consideration, and with great personal courage attacked and disarmed the latter, one of them receiving a hand injury while so doing.

 

c. (1) As is clearly evidenced, on being given a chance to think of the matter these soldiers used very sound and, for their years, quite mature judgement.

 

(2) Murphy realized that the military payment certificates had no real value for the Koreans and told them so.

 

(3) In fact, he pretended to go along with their [illegible – fire damaged]

attempting revenge on the 1st Sergeant, and [illegible – fire damaged]

to burn the certificates. This clearly shows that he

used excellent judgement in that destruction [illegible – fire damaged]

entail no real loss. It must have been obvious to him

 

[Page 1]

 

 

AGEZ 220.89 (2 Dec 48)                                7 December 1948

SUBJECT:       Restoration to duty of Sergeant Robert W. Murphy, RA 14 219 538 and Private First Class Curtis V. Allred, RA 19 281 204.

 

that the threats to burn the club would, if carried out, be much more costly than some certificates which could be and were for the most part recaptured.

 

(4) Furthermore, the judgement he used in not shooting the Koreans when he had the shotgun is underlined by the fact that if he killed them both, he would have at least been convicted of manslaughter; had he only killed one, the other would have sworn him into prison. It must be borne in mind that the testimony of the Koreans who were self-confessed criminals, which was accepted to convict these men was directly contradictory to the evidence of the Americans themselves.

 

(5) Had they shot the Koreans the prosecution undoubtedly would have adduced evidence to prove that the duties of the soldiers were that of cook and mess-attendant; that they were not officially posted as sentries, and that the use of force was illegal. This latter point would have been emphasized by showing that Murphy shot them with a shotgun instead of a service weapon.

 

(6) The threats of the Koreans to the effect that their communist friends were surrounding the building and would kill the Americans and burn the building were admitted by the trial JA to have been the principal motive and cannot be discounted, as throughout the war we found the Koreans to be cowardly as individuals but cruel in gangs. The Korean conscript laborers when captured complained much more of the cruelty of their own Korean non-coms than that of the Japs. After the earthquake in Japan (1 September 1923) bands of Koreans began to loot, burn and rape, and to poison wells almost as soon as the fifteen minute first shock ended.

 

(7) It was a fair assumption, even to two youngsters relatively new to the Orient, that the two men alone would hardly have attempted the crime, unless covered by a larger force.

 

(8) The disparity in sizes was meaningless [this page section was fire destroyed]

all adult males are taught some form [this page section was fire destroyed]

 

-2-

 

 

AGEZ 220.89 (2 Dec 48)                                                                            7 December 1948

SUBJECT:       Restoration to duty of Sergeant Robert W. Murphy, RA 14 219 538 and Private First Class Curtis V. Allred, RA 19 281 204.

 

Had they been expert athletes could the boys have coped with them unarmed. One of our earlier prisoners – a Korean coolie – feigned illness in the compound and when the Australian sentry came over to aid him, this five foot prisoner flipped the six foot armed Aussie half way across the yard.

 

  1. Entirely aside from the threat of the Koreans that the band of communists would kill them later and burn the club, we have two American youths of excellent character, from average families, with good religious and family upbringing, to whom undoubtedly the killing of anyone – let alone unarmed men – would be repugnant, faced with the decision of calmly shooting them down with a shotgun in cold blood, or permitting them to damage a safe and burn some certificates or steal them knowing they would surely be caught. They had already shown their courage by their instinctive reflex action to surprise.

 

  1. As opposed to this, and after their first reckless attack which did disarm the Koreans, the two men were confronted with the decision as to whether or not they should risk – what from the threats which they believed, appeared to be – certain death and the destruction of the entire club building and all its contents, in order to safeguard some comparatively worthless items which it was not, repeat not, their duty to guard with their lives.

 

CONCLUSIONS:

 

  1. That the men both showed adequate courage in attacking and disarming the Koreans.

 

  1. That, realizing the relative uselessness of the material to the Koreans and the moral certainty of its recapture, with good judgement the did not uselessly,

 

  1. Risk what they believed to be certain death from the communists.

 

  1. Risk destruction by fire of the clubhouse and all [illegible – fire damaged] tents which were much more valuable, than the articles taken.

 

  1. That had they shot one or both of the unarmed Koreans [illegible – page section fire damaged]

gun they would inevitably have been charged with murder [illegible – page section fire damaged]

 

-3-

 

 

 

AGEZ 220.89 (2 Dec 48)                                               7 December 1948

SUBJECT:       Restoration to duty of Sergeant Robert W. Murphy, RA 14 219 538 and Private First Class Curtis V. Allred, RA 19 281 204.

 

convicted, and had one or both Koreans survived, their perjured testimony would surely have convicted the two Americans.

 

  1. That the disparity in physical size was meaningless in view of the age, toughness and probable skill in Judo of the Koreans.

 

  1. That neither man was duly posted or armed as a sentry and that as cook and mess attendant it was not, repeat not, their duty to risk their lives for a $40.00 field safe, a non-regulation privately owned pistol and $1500 in military payment certificates which were worthless to the thieves.

 

  1. That for some unknown reason, which might possibly have political implications, the sworn testimony of two American soldiers of excellent character, who could not have and were not alleged to or proven to have derived any pecuniary benefit, was disregarded and the evidence of self-admitted foreign criminals was accepted.

 

  1. That the threat of seven communist confederates who would kill them and burn the building was highly credible… and was obviously fully believed by the two young Americans. This is admitted by the trial Judge Advocate to have been the real activating force.

 

  1. That no civil crime of any kind was involved and the crime of larceny should not have been alleged.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

 

  1. That both men be restored to duty at the earliest practicable moment.

 

  1. That steps be immediately inaugurated to set aside the findings of the court martial.

 

/s/ Sidney F. Mashbir

 

SIDNEY F. MASHBIR

Colonel [illegible – fire char]

Branch [illegible – fire char]

 

 

-4-

 

 

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT COLONEL MASHBIR, YOU’RE INVITED TO VISIT THE WEBSITE:

TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prince Tokugawa’s illustrated biography comes in two versions: THE ART OF PEACE digital edition & the Print and Kindle edition titled: THE ART OF DIPLOMACY.

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DIGITAL EBOOK EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRINT & KINDLE EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“The Art of Peace” & “The Art of Diplomacy”

Both versions have many similarities.

“The Art of Peace,” however, has an additional 100 pages of historical notes to assist researchers.

To get a sense of the extensive historical material presented, presented below is the INDEX for “The Art of Peace” digital edition.

Note: When the letter ‘n’ follows page numbers and has a number after it – that tells you that that topic is presented within a Chapter note with that number.

AAS (American Antiquarian Society), 223

Abe, Shinzo, 580, 587–88, 600–605n25

Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Medal, 116

academic medals to Japanese students, 115

Academic WorldQuest™ (AWQ), 594n13

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 166

ACJ (American Center Japan), 484n3

Adachi, Mineichirō, 64n11, 591n5

Adrenalin®, 216n5

Aesthetic Dancers, 377

Akihito (Emperor of Japan), 269, 474, 478, 566, 568

Akihito (Empress of Japan), 566

Akitake Tokugawa Delegation, 186

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 189–191

Alger, Mrs. Russell A., 351n6

Alice in Asia The 1905 Taft Mission to Asia As told in Crowded Hours Reminiscences of Alice Roosevelt Longworth (exhibition), 37, 359, 381n3

Alice Roosevelt Longworth Collection, 382n3

Allenby, Edmund Field Marshal, 447-448

Military commander during WWI of Lawrence of Arabia

host to Crown Prince Hirohito in 1921

Allies, 21–22, 39–57, 101n3, 471

Amau, Mrs. Eiji, 341n4, 346n5

Ambrose, Edna, 351n6

America-Japan Society (AJS)

academic medals given to Japanese students, 115

American All-Stars luncheon, 406

continued today, 580

dinner honoring Garden Club, 319

Fiftieth Anniversary of Grant’s death, 114

Garden Club of America (GCA) visit, 314–356

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

Lincoln essay contest, 115–120

mission statement, 420n2

origins of, 595n14

Special Bulletin with Tokuda’s essay, 118

stone lantern gift, 174–180

American All-Star Baseball Team, 32, 405–7

American Antiquarian Society (AAS), 223

American Center Japan (ACJ), 484n3

American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger (journal), 511–15, 550–54n8

American Legation, 135n1, 483n3

American Minister to Japan, Harris, 184

American Pictorial (magazine), 67, 75–77

American pragmatism and Chinese modernization Importing the Missouri model of journalism education to modern China (Volz and Lee), 181n3

American Red Cross, 546n1

American School in Tokyo, 422

American Sports Congress, 173

American Stock Exchange, 31, 370

American Union Bank, 272

American Youth Hostel, 173

Anesaki, Masaharu, 162n5

Anglo-Japanese exposition. See Japanese-British Exhibition

Anti-Comintern Pact, 434

anti-Semitism, 508, 521, 537–39

Aoki, Setsuichi, 163n5, 343n4, 345n5, 589n1

Aoyama Funeral Hall, 498

Aoyama Gakuin University, 115

Arai, Gyoji, 344n5

Arai, Mrs. Ryoichiro, 342n4, 345n5

Arai, Mrs. Yoneo, 341n4, 345n5

Araki, Sadao, 311n8

Arc de Triomphe, 451

Arlington National Cemetery, 267, 296

Armenian genocide, 204–7, 217n8

Armenian Relief Committee of Japan, 206–7, 217n8

Armenian Weekly (magazine), 204–7, 217n8, 218n9

arms limitation treaty, 509

arms race, 67

. See also Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 359, 382n3

Asabuki, Tsunekichi, 346n5

Asahi (newspaper), 59n5, 189, 386n14, 388n16

Asano, Jinshichi, 342n4

Asano, Ryozo, 162n5, 343n4

Asayama, Tominosuke, 344n5

asbarez.com, 218n10

Ashbury Park Press (newspaper), 312n10

Ashino, Kimiko, 341n4, 347n5

Ashton, Mr. and Mrs. James M., 352n6

assassination attempt, against Yuasa, 502

Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast, 189

Austin, Mrs. J. Alex, 350n6

Avenue des Champs-Élysées, 451

Awa Maru, S.S., 374

Axis Power allies, 435

 

Babbitt, Sarah Carter, 350n6

Babkenian, Vicken, 218n10

Bacon, Augustus Octavius, 29, 30, 372

Bakumatsu Osaka Castle, 18n1

Baldwin, Mrs. Karl, 87

Balfour, Arthur James, 80, 89

Ballantine, Joseph W., 137

Baltimore News-Post (newspaper), 429

Bank of Japan, 497, 505n2

bank runs, during Great Depression, 272

Barger, Edna, 351n6

Barnes, Mrs. John S., 353n6

Barreras Jr., Antonio, 97

baseball, 32, 405–7

Baseball Hall of Fame, 407

Bates, Frances C., 353n6

Battle of Tsushima Strait (1905), 24

Bedford Garden Club, Bedford Hills, NY, 349n6

Beebe, Mr. and Mrs. Marcus, 354n8

Benes, Eduard, 62n7

benevolence (jewel regalia), 486

Bennett, Richard B., 62n7

Besange, Robert Jacquinot de, 521–22

Betty (daughter of Joseph W. Ballantine), 137

Bickel, Karl, 279

Big Nine (chief delegates), 79

Billy, Robert de, 591n5

birthday anniversary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, 464

Bismarck, Otto von 12 Black Tuesday, 12

Black Tuesday, 272

Blood Brotherhood of Japan, 501

Boardman, Mabel T., 546n1

Boardman, Mrs. William J., 546n1

Board of Tourist Industry, 408

Bohr, Nils, 468, 484n4

Bolshevik Revolution, 74, 101n3

Bone, Scott C., 306n6

Borah, William, 274

Borden, Robert, 89

Bovard, Mrs. Oliver K., 352n6

Boyd, Lizzie E., 350n6

Brandegee, Frank B., 30, 372

Briand, Aristide, 80, 89, 546n1

Brooke, John M., 18n2, 20

Brookings, Robert S., 61n7

Brooks, Brian, 177–78

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore E., 351n6

Bruce, S. M., 306n6

Buat, Edmond, 546n1

Buchanan, James, 19

Buckingham Palace, 447

Buffalo Commercial (newspaper), 103n8

Buffalo Times (newspaper), 103n9

Bulkley, Jonathan, 352n6

Bulkley, Mrs. Jonathan, 318, 320, 348n6, 352n6

Buma, Mrs. Kyoichi, 328, 347n5

Bunker, Frank F., 306n6

Burleson, Albert S., 30, 372

Burlington Free Press (newspaper), 270n1

Burnett, Charles, 119, 456, 458

Burnham, David, 350n6

Burnham, Mrs. Claude G., 350n6

Bush, Laura, 393n21

Butler, Nicholas Murray, 62n7, 167, 255–58

 

Cabell, Mrs. Henry F., 352n6

Caldwell, Barbara, 379

calligraphy, 16, 210

Canada/Japan relations, 592n8

canned interviews, 34, 371, 386n15

Cannon, Joseph Gurney, 30, 372

Carlos and Malú Alvarez Academic WorldQuest National Competition, 594n13

Carmody, Dr. and Mrs. John, 354n8

Carnegie, Andrew, 33

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 33, 61n7, 257, 258, 372

Carnegie Institute, 33, 372

Carnegie Steel Corporation, 258

Carnegie Steel Mills, 33, 372

Carnets magazine, 248n2

Carpenter, Fred W., 58n2, 381n2

Carter, Thomas H., 30, 372

caste system, 121

Catonsville Garden Club, MD, 349n6

Cattler, M. Felician, 546n1

Century Publishing, NY, 221

Chamberlain to the Imperial Court, Tokugawa, 440

cherry blossoms

gift of trees, 32, 200, 334, 357–379, 392n21, 583

historical/cultural overview, 380n1

viewing party, 130

Washington, D.C., 261, 374

Chestnut Hill Garden Club, MA, 349n6

“Chicago–1930” (Marvin), 244, 248n2

Chicago Stadium, 242

Chicago Tribune (newspaper), 386n15

Chicago World’s Fair, 312n11, 404

Chichibu (prince), 444

Chichibu Maru, M.S., 315

Chida, Hiroshi, 109

children’s orphanages, 133

Chikako, Kazu-no-Miya, wife of Shogun Iemochi, 6

Chilton, Mrs. William E., 350n6

Chinda, Iwa, 374, 392n21

Chinda, Sutemi, 200, 203, 217n6, 374

Chinese-American citizens, 25

Chinese civilians, 508, 542–44

Chinese delegation, 89

Cho, Tsugiyoshi, 484n5

Choate, Joseph H., 61n7

Choate, Mabel, 348n6, 350n6

Chrysanthemum flower, 486

Cincinnati Garden Club, OH, 349n6

civil war, in Japan, 410

Civil War, U.S., 25, 104, 107–8, 116

Clark, E. Warren, 13–15, 20n4

Claudel, Paul, 274

Clear, W. J., 458

Cleveland Garden Club, OH, 349n6

Clinton, Hillary, 392n21

Cochran, George Ira, 165, 181n1, 571

Coe, Mrs. Henry E., 349n6

Cohasset Garden Club, MA, 349n6

Cold War, 436

colonialism, 23, 74, 125, 221

Columbia Broadcasting System, 62n7

Columbia University, 167, 257

Committee for the Advancement of the Negro Race (1906), 220

Committee on World Friendship Among Children, 138

communism, 250, 414, 443–46, 470

Congress Hall by Night, Japan-British Exhibition, 37

Connecticut Valley Garden Club, 349n6

Constitution (1889), 21

Continental Hall, 78

Coolidge, Calvin, 87, 273, 274, 306n6

Coolidge, Mrs. Calvin, 546n1

Coolidge, Mrs. Harold J., 351n6

cornerstone laying dedication ceremony, 422

Cornig, Mrs. Erastus, 354n8

Costin, Alex, 548n6

Country Life magazine, 249

Court of Progress, Japan-British Exhibition, 35

Craig, Malin, 268

Crane, Mrs. Carey, 341n4

Crane, Mrs. W. C., 346n5

Cross, Mary R., 348n6, 351n6

Cummings, Hugh S., 286

Curley, James Michael, 263

 

Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd., 216n5

daimyo lords, 3

Dai Nihonshi (history book started by Mitsukuni), 598n19

Dan, Baroness Ino, 341n4, 346n5

Dan, Ino, 162n5, 343n4, 344n5, 345n5

Dan, Takuma, 490, 496, 499, 501, 505n2

dan system, 409

Darby, William L., 141, 160n2

Darrach, Mrs. William, 348n6, 350n6

Daughters of the American Revolution Memorial Hall, 73

Davis, Mrs. Livingston, 349n6

Davison, Henry P., 53, 54

Davison, Marion M., 337n3

Davison, Mrs. Chesebrough, 351n6

Dayton Garden Club, OH, 349n6

Deacon, Richard, 495

death threats and assassinations, 493–503, 505n2

Debuchi, Katsuji, 259–261, 274, 275, 426, 463–65

Debuchi, Mrs. Katsuji, 259, 261, 346n5

Debuchi, Takako, 341n4, 347n5

De Forest, J. H., 384n11

demilitarized areas. See safe zones

Den, Makoto, 344n5

Denby, Edwin, 93

Denby, Jr., Charles, 93, 94

Denby, Mrs. Charles, 546n1

Densho (educational organization), 128, 135n3

Densho Encyclopedia, 135n3

Department of Cinema, USC, 166

Depew, Chauncey, 29, 372

Dern, George H., 311n8

DeYoung, M. H., 32, 370

Dillingsworth, Lt., 458

diplomacy, 229–247

diplomatic/education events, 579–580

diplomatic mission sent by Shogun Iemochi, 6–7

disabilities, 129–133

disarmament movement. See Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

discrimination, 123–25, 139, 160n2, 384n11, 424, 509

documentary films, 267, 270n4, 524–25, 547n5

Doi, Michio, 213n2

Doi, Mitsutomo, 589n1

Dolls of Friendship: The Story of a Goodwill Project between the Children of America and Japan, 138, 160n2

Dome of the U.S. Capitol, 73

Domoto, Insho, 163n6

Domoto, Tomiko, 340n4, 347n5

Dotzler, Carl (Karl), 590n3

Doughty, Mrs. L. G., 352n6

Duchess de Rohan, 57

Dunn, James Clement, 286

DuPont, Mrs. William K., 348n6, 353n6

Durrach, Mrs. W., 318

Dyer, Brainerd, 95

Early, Stephen T., 286

East & West Meeting, 198–202

Easthampton Garden Club, NY, 349n6

Eavesdropping on Hell Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945 (Hanyok), 537–39, 549n7

Edgar Thomson Steel Mills, 33, 372

Edison, Thomas Alva, 190

Edoff, Mrs. Frank J., 352n6

Edo Inheritance, The (Tsunenari), 598n20

Education Conference, Pan-Pacific, 168–173

Education for International Co-operation, 173

Edward (King of England), 58n1

Egypt, Egyptian Museum, the National Library, Arabian Fine Arts Gallery, the Citadel, the Mosque of Mohammed, 447-448

Eisenhower, Mamie, 392n21

Eliot, Charles W., 61n7

Elliott, Mrs. Stewart, 353n6

Ely, Joseph B., 263

Emmanuel III, Victor, 22

Emperor and the Spy, The (Heifetz), 142, 455, 478, 482, 533, 545, 580

Emperor Meiji Shrine, 427

Englewood Garden Club, NJ, 349n6

English, Mrs. Robert P., 349n6

Enlai, Zhou, 545

Enomoto, Mrs. Ryuichiro, 341n4, 347n5

enthronement, 463, 486–492

Enthronement (book), 488–89

Enthronement Edition, 488–492, 504n1, 505n2

Eppley, Marion, 351n6

Escape to the Rising Sun (film), 547n5

Esperanto, 173

Espy, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, 349n6

ETA. See Suiheisha Society

Ethiopia, 508, 527–28

Eton College, 11–12

Evening Star (newspaper), 29, 59n4, 372, 387n16

Evening Sun (newspaper), 526

Exchange Club, The, 481, 485n6

Executive Committee, Exhibition Advisory Committee, 345n5

Exile Shanghai (film), 547n5

expansionism, American, 23

 

Fairchild, David, 363

Fairfield Garden Club, NY, 349n6

Family of Nations broadcast, 62n7

farm communities, 301

Farrington, Wallace R., 306n6

Father of Modern Japanese Banking and Capitalism. See Shibusawa, Eiichi

Favre, Guillaume, 520

Faymonville, P. R., 458

Feast of Peach Blossoms (Doll’s Festival), 137

Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, 160n1

feudalism, 3

Field Museum of Natural History, 267

Fife, Mrs. Robert H., 318, 320, 348n6, 351n6

Fifteen Lectures on Showa Japan, Road to the Pacific War in Recent Historiography (Kiyotada), 506n3, 580, 593n12

Finley, John Huston, 225

first ladies, U.S., 392–93n21

First National Bank, 188

Fisher, Tony, 478, 481

Fishing Boat on a Dark Night (Buson), 158

Flame of Peace, 416

Fleisher, Benjamin W., 504n1

Fleisher, Mrs. B. W., 342n4, 346n5

Foch, Marshal, 262

Fock, D., 306n6

Fontainebleau Palace, 450

Forbes, W. Cameron, 397

Force, Mrs. R. C., 352n6

Ford, Alexander Hume, 304n6, 306n6, 309n7

Foster, Charles H., 546n1

Foster, John W., 61n7

Four Counties Garden Club, PA, 349n6

Four-Power Pacific Pact, 295

Four-Power Treaty, 75–77

Franca, Jose de Francisco de Horta Machado de, 80

France-Japan House, Tokyo, 570, 591n5

Franco, Afranio De Mello, 62n7

Frasconi, Antonio, 599n24

Frazar, E. W., 240, 241, 484n5

freedom of the press, 174–180

Freer Gallery of Art, 359, 382n3

French Consulate in Tokyo, 570

French-Japanese friendship, 570

Friendship Dolls, 137

Fuji, Chief Judge, 501

Fujita, Heitaro, 342n4

Fujita, Hisanori, 475

Fujiyama, Raita, 314, 342n4

Fujiye, N., 214n2

Fukui, Genjiro, 216n5

Fukui, Kikusaburo, 162n5, 163n6, 342n4

Fukui, Mrs. Kikusaburo, 342n4

Fukushima, Mrs. Kisaji, 341n4, 346n5

funeral service for Junnosuke Inouye, 498

 

Gallagher, Mrs. J. O., 352n6

Gallinger, Jacob Harold, 29, 30, 372

Games of the XII Olympiad, 408

garden, owned by Baron Iwasaki, 327

Garden Club of America (GCA)

additional history about, 353n7

commemorative books, 333, 336

delegates and their companions list, 348–353n6

Farewell Dinner, Kyoto, 326

General Committee members photo, 330–32

gift to Japan, 378

group photo individuals list, 339–343n4

leadership positions in the General Committee for Reception, 343n5

musical pieces, America-Japan Dinner, 337n2

Nijo Palace visit, 325

Photographic Diary, 317–332, 336, 337n1, 354–56n8

reception for visitors, 318

schedule of activities for delegates, 322–23

visit to Japan, 314–356

Yagi’s garden visit, 324

Garden Club of Oranges, East Orange, NJ, 351n6

Garden of Peace, Japan-British Exhibition, 36

gardens, Japanese

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 191

created by Mr. Fujiyama, 314

Dr. Inazo Nitobe memorial, 574–78

Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese-British Exhibition, 391n17

University of British Columbia, 574–78

Garrels, Mrs. Arthur, 342n4, 346n5

Garrett, John W., 80

Geddes, Aukland, 89

Gehrig, Lou, 405

gender equality, 126

General Gordon, USS, 540–41

GEO (Global Educational Outreach), 173

George, Lloyd, 449

George V (King of England), 22, 238, 250, 448

German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, 434

Gigaku Mask, 152

Glessner, Mrs. J. G. M., 353n6

global economic depression, 230, 280, 294, 404, 441, 576

Godley, Mr. and Mrs. George McM., 352n6

Golden Gate International Exposition (1939), 412, 419

goodwill educational tour, 579

Gordon, Anna, 87

Grant, Ulysses S., 104–14

Grant Pine, 112

Grant’s Tour Around the World (Packard), 109–10

Grayson, Cary T., 528

Great Depression, 166, 250, 286, 300, 304n4

Great Falls Tribune(newspaper), 546n2

Great Kanto Earthquake, 119, 142, 437n1, 456–59, 483n3

Great White Fleet 25, 216n4

Greenwich Garden Club, CT, 350n6

Grew, Joseph Clark

American School in Tokyo dedication ceremony, 423

art exhibition assistance, 144

commemorative book, Garden Club, 333

Exhibition Advisory Committee, 162n5

feelings and compassion for Japan, 432–33

Garden Club gift reception, 378

Garden Club members photo, 330–32, 342n4

Garden Club patron, 343n5

Garden Club reception, 318

Helen Keller banquet, 130

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

International Red Cross Congress delegate, 519

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

New York World’s Fair, 414, 416

Panay Incident, 428–432

personal history in Japan, 424–28

photo with Edith Roosevelt, 427

photo with wife, Alice, 425

relationship with Tokugawa, 421–433

Royal Couple reception, 250

tea with representatives after Garden Club gift acceptance, 334

toast, America-Japan Society dinner, 320

Grew, Mrs. Joseph Clark, 318, 333, 334, 342n4, 343n5, 425, 427

Griffith, Josephine, 351n6

Griffith, Mr. and Mrs. G. M., 351n6

Guardian, The (newspaper), 452

Gulick, Sidney, 139, 160n1

 

Hafford, Lida, 87

Hagiwara, Mrs. Junko, 346n5

Haile Selassie (Emperor of Ethiopia), 528

Hairenik Weekly (magazine), 218n9

Hale, Eugene, 29, 372

Hamaguchi, Osachi, 506n3

Hamarikyu Palace, 112

hanami (cherry-tree viewing parties), 362, 380n1

hanging scrolls, 16, 18n1, 155, 210

Hanihara, Masanao, 95

Hanyok, Robert J., 537–39

Hara, Hani, 72, 510

Hara, Rinnosuke, 214n2

Hara, Ryuta, 213n2

Hara, T., 63n10

Haraguchi, Mrs. Takeo, 341n4, 347n5

Harding, Warren G., 68, 73, 81, 87, 88, 93

Harper (civilian volunteer), 458

Harris, H.T.B., 30

Harris, Paul P., 229, 237, 238, 240, 247

Harris, Townsend, 104, 135n1, 176, 184, 225, 414

Harris Treaty, 135n1, 184

Hartford Garden Club, CT, 350n6

Harvard University, 146–159, 267

Hasegawa, Manjiro, 589n1

Hashimoto, Kansetsu, 163n6

Hashimoto, Kwansetsu, 154

Hatch, Mrs. Roger Conant, 349n6

Hawaiian Star (newspaper), 215n2

Hawkinson, Lily Oyzelle, 99n1

Hayakawa, S., 64n10

Hayashi, Kiroku, 72, 130

headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 528

Hearn, Lafcadio, 132

Hearst, William Randolph, 298–300, 311n9

Heifetz, Jascha, 132, 142–43

Heiman, Suzette, 182n4

Heine, Wilhelm, 4

Hencken, Mr. and Mrs. William F., 350n6

Herald-Palladium (newspaper), 124

Herring, H.J., 95

Hibaya Park, 88

Hibiya, Heizayemon, 213n2

Hibiya Public Hall, Tokyo, 131

Hickey, Joe, 458

Hideyoshi, Toyotomi, 380n1

Hill, James Jerome, 190

Hindenburg, Paul von, 252

Hiraga, Jun, 115

Hirao, Mrs. Taro, 341n4, 347n5

Hirobumi, Ito, 21

Hirohito (Emperor of Japan)

death threats towards, 503

Dern visit to, 311n8

Enthronement, 463, 486–492

George V (King of England) and, 448-449

Grew and, 424

Keller meeting, 130

lineage of, 38

Lloyd George and, 449

MacArthur and, 474–75

mentorship of, 9, 439–453

Nagako and, 453

photo (1902), 443

photo in ceremonial robes, 487

Taisho and, 444

Tokugawa and, 289, 568

visits the Vatican, and is later thanked by a representative of the Pope Benedict XV, 446

visits with Prince of Italy Umberto II and with the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III, 446

visits Egypt, Sphinx, Pyramid of Giza, 447-448

1921-1922 travels: The Crown Prince’s European Tour by Count Yoshinori Futara & Setsuzo Sawada, 448

Hirohito, Japan’s Compassionate Emperor (Isamu), 506n3

Hirooka, Yaye, 340n4, 346n5

Hiroshima Peace Memorial, 588, 600–605n25

Hirota, Koki, 310–11n8, 414

Hisamatsu, Sen-ichi, 589n1

History of the Pan-Pacific Union, A (Hawkinson), 99n1

Hitchcock, Frank Harris, 30, 372

Hitler, Adolf, 252, 434, 509, 521

Hitotsubashi University, 188

Holbrook, Mr. and Mrs. Gerlad, 354n8

Holland Olympic Summer Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Holland Tunnel, 31, 370

Holocaust, 537–39, 549n7

Honolulu Garden Club, HI, 350n6

Honolulu Star-Bulletin (newspaper), 121, 245, 303n2, 312n11, 484n5

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Southern California, 165

Honorary Presidents of the Pan-Pacific Union, 306n6

Hooker, Adelaide F., 350n6

Hooker, Helen H., 350n6

Hooker, Mrs. Elon H., 350n6

Hoopes, Mrs. MacMillan, 353n6

Hoover, Herbert, 242, 250, 259, 274, 275, 276, 424

Hoover, Lou Henry, 259

Horikoshi, Zenjuro, 214n2

Horinouchi, Kensuke, 342n4, 344n5

Horinouchi, Mrs. Kensuke, 342n4, 345n5

Hornbeck, Stanley K., 286

Horses in a Field (Buson), 159

Hosaka, Junji, 163n6

Hosokawa, Moritatsu, 162n5, 163n6

Houghton, Mrs. Clement, 348n6

House of Peers, 91, 121, 508, 529, 572

Houston, Herbert S., 414

Houston Garden Club, TX, 350n6

Howard, Egme, 274

Howe, Mrs. George, 352n6

Hughes, Charles Evans

biographical note, 100n2

group photo, Washington Naval Conference, 68

Pan-Pacific Union and, 306n6

Washington Naval Conference and, 68–69, 80, 89, 95

Hull, Cordell and Mrs., 288

Hume, Mr. and Mrs. George E., 351n6

Huntington Wilson, Francis Mairs, 30, 372

 

Ichikawa, Beian, 157

Ichioka, Yuji, 127

Iida, J., 42

Ikeda, Seihin, 163n6

Ikematsu, Tokikazu, 347n5

Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan, 146–159, 161n4

ILO (International Labor Organization), 310n8

Imai, Gosuke, 343n4

Imamura, Mrs. Sakio, 347n5

Imamura, Sakio, 344n5

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo

America-Japan Society Dinner, 319

American All-Stars gathering, 406

Jascha Heifetz’ tour, 143

Lincoln Essay Contest, 115

luncheon honoring Mashbir, 468

postcard photo, 483n3

temporary American embassy, 456, 483n3

Imperial Household, 159, 163n6

Imperial Japanese Army, 500

Imperial Japanese Navy, 500

Imperial Regalia of Japan, 486

Inahata, Mrs. Jiro, 347n5

Independence Hall, 262

Independent (journal), 384n11

Inoue, Nissio, 501

Inoue, Saburo, 163n6

Inoue, Tatsukuro, 163n6

Inouye, Junnosuke, 490, 497, 501, 505n2

Inouye, K., 99n1

Inouye, Katsunosuke, 58n3, 382n4

Inouye, Mrs. Shin, 346n5

Inouye, Tadashiro, 468

inspection tour to Europe and America (1933), 280

Institute of World Affairs, 166

international arms limitation. See Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

International Conference on Social Work (1936), 301

international cooperation, 272–77

International Famine Relief, 89

international friendship, 141, 165, 581

international gala events, 412–19

International Labor Organization (ILO), 310n8

International Near East Relief Association, 217n8

International Olympic Committee, 408, 420n3, 569

International Red Cross Conference, 507, 519–521, 523

International Red Cross Refugee Committee, 547n4

international shuttle diplomacy, 586

International Student Exchange Programs, 571

international trade, 280, 294, 304n5, 309n8, 576

Interpretation of the Life of Viscount Shibusawa, An (Obata), 213n1, 218n12

Introduction and Eulogy for Viscount Shibusawa from Tokugawa, 211

Inukai, Tsuyoshi, 63n10, 500

invitations, 463–66

Isamu, Kanaji, 506n3

Ise, Den-ichi, 163n6

Ishibashi, Tamenosuke, 214n2

Ishihara, Zensaburo, 342n4, 344n5

Ishiwara, George, 574, 577

isolationist movement, 435

Issei (first Japanese immigrants), 127–28

Ito, Jirozaemon, 342n4

Ito, Morimatsu, 213n2

Iwahara, Kenzo, 194, 213n2

Iwahara, Taku, 409

Iwahashi, Takeo, 129

Iwamoto, Yoinosuke, 214n2

Iwasaki, Koyata, 163n6, 327

I Was an American Spy (Mashbir), 455, 483n2, 533–34

Iwashita, K. T., 59n6

Iwaya, S., 214n2

Iyenaga, Toyokichi, 219n13, 227

 

Jacquinot A Forgotten Hero (film), 548n5

Jacquinot de Besange, Robert, 547n4

Jacquinot Safe Zone Wartime Refugees in Shanghai (Ristaino), 521–22

James River Garden Club, VA, 350n6

Janklowicz-Mann, Dana, 524

Japan-America Society, 580, 595n15

Japan-British Exhibition, 386n14, 391n17

Japan Committee of the International Conference on Social Work, 301, 313n12

Japanese (Inter-Allied) WWI Victory Medal, 43

Japanese Advertiser (newspaper), 490, 504n1

Japanese Amateur Athletic Federation, 410

Japanese American National Museum, 582, 599n22

Japanese-Americans, 384n11

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japanese and the Jews, The (Kane), 511–15, 550–54n8

Japanese Art, 144–159

Japanese baseball card, 406

Japanese-British Exhibition, 35–37, 59n5, 373, 388n16

Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 188

Japanese Children’s Home (aka Shonien), 133

Japanese-Chinese conflict, 517, 521, 533–34

Japanese delegations, 386n14, 388n16

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 189–191

illustration of (1872), 107

Japanese-British Exhibition (1910), 59n5

list of, 195–96

London Naval Conference, 275

Japanese Diet Declaration (1938), 508, 536–38

Japanese Embassy, in the U.S. 5–6, 18n2, 365

Japanese Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese gardens

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 189–191

created by Mr. Fujiyama, 314

Dr. Inazo Nitobe memorial, 574–78

Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese-British Exhibition, 391n17

Japanese Government Railways, 408

Japanese Olympic Committee, 408

Japanese Olympics Committee, 569

Japanese Parliament, 68

Japanese Red Cross Hospital, 57

Japanese Red Cross of Hawaii, 245

Japanese Red Cross Society

assistance to Ethiopia, 527–28

assistance to Russia, 283

brochures, 518, 554–560n9

continuation of, 567

efforts to assist Allies during WWI, 53–54

headquarters, 528

International Red Cross Society, 507

Shibusawa and, 188

Tokugawa and, 92, 507, 516–521

Japanese-Russian relations, 295

Japanese Women’s Betterment Association, 86

Japanese Women’s Peace Movement, 86–87

Japanese WWI Victory Medal, 42

Japan Foundation, 564, 590n2

Japan Institute, 128

Japan Society, 32, 295, 370, 596n16

Japan Society newsletter, 527–28

Japan Society of New York, 278

Japan Society publication, Tokugawa’s speech to Lindberghs, 398–401

Japan Society’s Annual Dinner (1934), 32–33, 290–93

Jeanes, Mrs. Henry S., 350n6

Jenkins, Ralph, 546n1

“Jewish Question,” 509

Jewish refugees, 507–8, 525, 536, 540–41, 544–45, 547n4

Jews, 299, 507–15, 521, 525, 536, 538, 547n4

Jingye Asylum, 542

Jito (Empress of Japan), 380n1

Joan Kroc Institute of Peace and Justice, 579–580, 593n13, 594n13

John Paul Jones Memorial, 393n21

Johnson, Lady Bird, 392n21

Johnson, Mrs. Homer H., 352n6

Johnston, Mary E., 353n6

Joint Committee of Disaster Relief of Shanghai Charity Groups, 542

joint stocks, 188

journalism education, 181n3

Joya, Mock, 380n1

J-School. See Missouri School of Journalism

judo, 409, 420n3

Jusserand, Jules, 89

 

Kabayama, A., 341n4

Kabayama, Aisuke, 275, 341n4

Kabayama, Ayske, 162n5, 589n1

Kadono, Mrs. Chokiuro, 342n4, 345n5

Kadono, Tominosuke, 214n2

Kagami, Takeo, 344n5

Kagawa, Toyoshiko, 173

Kageyania, K., 53

Kahn, Otto, 142, 161n3

Kai-shek, Chiang, 209

Kaishu, Katsu

cautious approach to media, 63n8

Clark and, 20n4

Emperor Meiji and, 38

escort of Iemochi delegation, 6–7, 18n2

Hirohito and, 443

military influence on Tokugawa, 34

National Diet Library, 20n3

photo (c1890), 9

photo with Tokugawa (c1897), 13

portrait (c1860), 6

Red Cross delegation, 53

Tokugawa and, 9

Kakinuma, T., 64n10

Kamenosuke. See Tokugawa, Iyesato

Kanawha Garden Club, Charleston, WV, 350n6

Kanda, Naibu, 194, 213n2

Kane, Joseph Nathan, 511–15, 550–54n8

Kaneko, Kentaro, 87, 162n5, 215n4, 289, 595n14

Kanemitsu, Tsuneo, 163n6

Kan-in (prince), 440

Kanno, Kinnosuke, 213n2

Kano, Jigorō, 409, 420n3

Kanrin Maru warship, 6–7, 18n2

Kasumigaseki Detached Palace, Tokyo, 318

Kato, Kyohei, 343n4

Kato, Takaaki, 63n10

Kato, Tomosaburo, 69–72, 87, 95, 509, 510

Katsuda, Tetsu, 347n5

Katsura, Taro, 134, 566

Katsuta, Tetsu, 342n4

Katz Awa. See Kaishu, Katsu

Katz Awa “The Bismarck of Japan” or the Story of a Noble Life (Clark), 13–14

Kawada, Taka, 185

Kawai, Yahachi, 484n5

Kawasaki, Y., 63n10

Kawashima, Yoshiyuki, 311n8

Kazama, Mrs. Shichiei, 328, 347n5

KBS (Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai). See Society for International Cultural Relations

Kean, John, 29, 372

Keaton, Buster, 266

Keiki. See Tokugawa, Yoshinobu

Keith, Mrs. Joseph L., 353n6

Keller, Helen, 129–133, 136n5, 428

Kellogg, Frank, 274

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 273–74, 278, 303n1

Kempei Tai, A History of the Japanese Secret Service (Deacon), 495

kendo, 420n3

Kenilworth Garden Club, IL, 350n6

Keresit, Jacques, 248n2

Kikkawa, Motomitsu, 163n6

Kikuchi, Miya Sannomiya, 126–28, 135n4

Kikusawa, Suyemaro, 344n5

Kimura, A., 175, 236

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 120

King, W. L. MacKenzie, 306n6

Kingsley, Darwin P., 489–492

Kinoshita, Michio, 344n5

Kiyoo, Kawamura, 12

Kiyooka, Eiichi, 342n4

Kiyooka, Mrs. Eiichi, 347n5

Kiyose (representative of the Asahi newspaper), 388n16

Kiyotada, Tsutsui, 506n3, 593n12

Kiyotaka, Count Kuroda, 21

Kiyozumi Park, Tokyo, 334, 378

KleinSmid, Rufus Bernhard von, 166, 571

Knox, Philander Chase

1910 dinner event, 30

cherry blossom tree gift, 366

event honoring Emperor Meiji, 38

Pershing and, 38–39

portrait (c1910), 30

Sherman luncheon, 29

Shibusawa mission, 198

Tokugawa and, 372, 387n16

Kobayashi, Ichizo, 158, 163n6

Kobayashi, Mrs. Nobuko, 328, 347n5

Kodama, Kazuo, 482

Koiki, Kunizo, 214n2

Koizumi, Shinzo, 589n1

Kokusai Bunka (journal), 564

Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai (Society for International Cultural Relations), 128, 144, 327, 564

Komai, Taku, 328, 347n5

Komatsu, Mrs. Takashi, 341n4, 346n5

Komatsu, Takashi, 144, 162n5, 344n5, 345n5

Komei (Emperor of Japan), 6

Komoriya, Chicuko, 115

Komura, Jutaro, 64n11

Komuro, Mrs. Mieko, 346n5

Kondo, Baron, 64n10

Konoe, Fumimaro. See Konoye, Fumimaro

Konoye (princess), 343n5

Konoye, Atsumaro, 92

Konoye, Fumimaro

Diet opening in Tokyo (1934), 531–32

essay contest judge, 589n1

exhibition advisory committee, 162n5

Garden Club patron, 343n5

House of Peers president, 529–533

international relations promotion with son, 535

“Prince at Princeton” article, 548n6

targeted by extremists, 493

Konoye, Fumitaka, 535

Konoye, Hiro, 239

Konoye, Hiroko, 592n6

Korostovetz, Ivan Yakovlevich, 64n11

Kosaka, Kris, 102n7

Kristallnacht, 536

Kroda, Kiyoshi, 589n1

Kumagaye, Taizo, 214n2

Kun, Tsao, 306n6

Kuninomiya family, 477

Kurihama landing, 4

Kuriyama, Mrs. Shigeru, 342n4, 346n5

Kuroda, Kiyoshi, 63n10, 162n5, 343n4, 345n5

Kurusu, Jaye, 341n4, 347n5

Kurusu, Mrs. Saburo, 342n4, 346n5

Kusanagi (sword), 486

Kushida, Manzo, 64n10, 343n4, 490, 505n2

Kuwaki, Ayao, 589n1

Kyoto Imperial University, 159, 163n6

 

LaBoiteaux, Mrs. Isaac, 350n6

Ladies Committee, Garden Club, 345n5

Ladies’ Committee in Kyoto, 328, 347n5

La Guardia, Fiorello, 416

Lansdale, Mrs. Philip, 353n6

Lansing, Robert, 203

Lapham, Mr. and Mrs. Henry G., 349n6

Lasker, Bruno, 304n4

Last Refuge: The Story of Jewish Refugees in Shanghai (film), 547n5

Lawrence of Arabia, 448

League of Blood, 496, 499–500, 505, 505n2

League of Nations, 73, 281, 424

League of Nations Association of Japan, 211, 239, 294

League of Red Cross Societies, 54, 517

Leavenworth Weekly Times (newspaper), 384n6

Lee, Arthur (Lord of Fareham), 89

Lee, Chin-Chuan, 181n3

lenders of art, 1936 exhibition, 163n6

Lenox Garden Club, New York, NY, 350n6

letter from President Harding, Washington Naval Conference, 82

Lewiston Daily Sun Journal (newspaper), 263

Liberty Bell, 262

Life and Adventure in Japan (Clark), 20n4

Lighthouse organization, 129

Ligne, Albert de, 274

Lincoln, Abraham, 104–8, 120, 587

Lincoln Centennial Association, 117

Lincoln Essay Contests, 115–120, 587

Lincoln Financial Foundation, Sumiko Tokuda Collection, 119

Lincoln Memorial, 587

Lindbergh, Anne, 395–403

Lindbergh, Charles A., 394–403

lion sculptures, 177–180

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 29, 89, 372

Loehr, Gustave E., 229

London Economic Conference, 304n5

London House of Parliament (color lithograph), 565, 590n3

London Naval Conference, 251, 275, 423, 466

London Naval Treaty, 230

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 267

Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 27, 358, 381n3

Los Angeles Examiner (newspaper), 430

Los Angeles Herald (newspaper), 215n2

Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 103n9, 299

Lothrop, Mrs. W. S. H., 351n6

Lowe, Mrs. Herbert, 349n6

Lowell, Lawrence, 267

Lunete (river park), 363

 

MacArthur, Douglas, 288, 471–75

Machida, Tokunosuke, 214n2

Mack, Connie, 406

Mackay, Clarence H., 217n7

MacKenzie, N A. M. (Norman), 574, 577–78

Mackey, Harry A., 262

MacMaster, William, 194

MacVeagh, Charles, 99n1, 115, 138, 184

MacWhite, Michael, 274

Madison Square Garden, 32

Maeda, Toshitame, 163n6

Maeyama, Hisakichi, 163n6

Maki, Mrs. Kaoru, 341n4, 347n5

Makino, Nobuaki, 496

Makita, Tamaki, 163n6

Manjiro, John, 18n2

Mann, Amir, 524

Mano, B., 236

Maple Club, Tokyo, 402

Marchienne, Emile de Cartier de, 80

Mardis, J.C., 94

Martin, Mrs. J. Willis, 353n7

Martin, T. M., 458

Martino, Goacomo De, 274

Marvin, Dwight Edwards, 244, 248n2

Masaoki, Shinmi, 18n2

Mashbir, Donald, 483n2, 485n6

Mashbir, Sidney Forrester, 454–482

Allied surrender documents signing, 473

Exchange Club photo, 481

group photo (1937), 484n5

I Was an American Spy autobiography, 483n2, 484n4, 533–34

Jewish heritage, 545

keepsakes, 459–466

luncheon honoring (1937), 468

Pan Pacific luncheon, 468

Pan-Pacific Union, 309n7

personal papers discovery, 439

photo (1923), 454

Rotary member, 246

Royal Couple greeting, 250

secret private meetings, MacArthur and Hirohito, 475

Volunteer Workers American Relief in Japan, 456

Massey, W. F., 306n6

mass media, American, 298–300

Masuda, Meiroku, 114

Masuda, Takashi, 163n6

Matsubara, Yuriko, 341n4, 347n5

Matsuda, Genji, 318

Matsudaira, Mrs. Tsuneo, 179

Matsudaira, Raijyu, 529

Matsudaira, Tsunao, 72, 160n2

Matsudaira, Tsuneo, 141, 176, 179

Matsugata, Masayoshi, 58n3, 194, 382n4

Matsukata, Kojiro, 213n2

Matsukata, Mrs. Shokuma, 346n5

Matsukata, Shosaku, 164n6

Matsumiya, Mrs. Kazuya, 342n4, 347n5

Matsumura, Toshio, 214n2

Matsunaga, Yasuzaemon, 155, 164n6

Matsuura, Chinjiro, 138

Matsuyama, C., 63n10

Maus, Marion Perry, 194

Mayer, Louis B., 265

Mayer, Mrs. Louis B., 265

Mayer, Warren, 182n4

Mayezawa, N., 484n5

Mayflower, USS, 24

Mayflower Hotel, Washington DC, 288, 463, 464

Mazaki, Jinzaburo, 311n8

McArthur, Clifton, 194

McArthur, Miss (Women’s Peace Movement), 87

McCollum, A.H., 458

McCormac, Mrs. H.B., 353n6

McDowell, Mrs. William F., 87

McIntosh, Burr, 382n3

McIntyre, Marvin H., 286

McMillan, Mrs. J. William, 349n6

McNaughton, Mrs. Lynn, 354n8

McReynolds, Sam D., 286

media relations, 63n8, 298–300

medical care, 134, 566

Meiji (Emperor of Japan)

death of, 38, 374

Grant meeting, 112–13

Kaishu and, 9

mask gift, 152

medical care and, 134, 566

Meiji Restoration, 1–8, 187

photo (c1894), 9

Shibusawa and, 188

Washington and, 87

Meiji Constitution, 21

Meiji Restoration (1868), 1–8, 187

Meiji Shrine, 427

Memorial Hall of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 83

Memphis Garden Club, TX, 350n6

merchant class, 3

Metcalf, Mrs. Frederick, 352n6

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. See MGM Studios

Mexican American War, 56

MGM Studios, 265–66, 298–300, 311n9

Michigan Garden Club, MI, 350n6

Michizane, Sugawara, 156

Middleton Garden Club, CT, 351n6

Midzuno, Kokichi, 32, 58n1, 213n2, 360, 370

Mihara, Mrs. Shigekichi, 346n5

Mihara, Shigekichi, 164n6, 342n4, 344n5, 589n1

militants

arms limitation and, 74

China expansion, 434

Kaishu and, 15

Nazi alliance, 521

Olympic bid and, 410–12

Panay Incident, 428

Tokugawa against, 517

Tokugawa and, 283

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24

Tripartite Pact, 435

violence, 486–501

Washington Naval Conference and, 100n3

Millbrook Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

Million Dollar Train, 190

Milton Garden Club, Milton, MA, 351n6

Minami, Takajiro, 213n2

Minnesota (ship), 189

Miroku Bosatsu sculpture, 154

Mishima, Mrs. Hajime, 341n4, 346n5

Missouri, USS, 473

Missouri model of journalism education, 181n3

Missouri School of Journalism, 174–180

Mitchell, Edward A., 546n1

Mito Tokugawa family, 597n19

Mitsubishi Bank, 505n2

Mitsui, Mrs. Benzo, 341n4, 346n5

Mitsui, Mrs. Takaatsu, 342n4, 347n5

Mitsui Financial Group, 499, 505

Miura, Hajime, 341n4

Miwa, Mrs. Zembei, 341n4

Miwa, Zembei, 341n4

Miya, Mataichi, 342n4, 345n5

Miyaga, Michio, 131

Miyajima, Mikinosuke, 589n1

Miyaoka, Mrs. Tsunejiro, 341n4, 346n5

Mizoguchi, Munchiko, 162n5

Mizoguchi, Teijiro, 164n6

Mizuno, Kokichi, 32, 370

Mizuno, Mrs. Kyosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Mizuno, Toshikata, 259

Monadnock Garden Club, Boston, MA, 351n6

Money, Hernando, 29, 372

Montague, Mrs. Gilbert, 351n6

Morgan, Mrs. James F., 350n6

Morgan, Mrs. Randal, 353n6

Morgenthau, Henry, 204

Mori, Kanosuke, 577–78

Morimura, Baroness Ichizaemon, 346n5

Morimura, Ichizaemon, 344n5

Morinja, Miss (Women’s Peace Movement), 87

Morris, Roland S., 293

Moss, Robert F., 458, 484n5

Motley, Mrs. George, 352n6

Motono, Ichiro, 63n10

Mt. Desert Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

Mt Sterling Advocate (newspaper), 384n10

Mt. Vernon, VA, 267, 371, 387n16

Mukojima Park, 362, 383n5

Muller, Mrs. J., 347n5

Murakoshi, Kuniyasu, 321

Murayama, Nagataka, 164n6

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 144, 582, 598n21

music, Tokugawa’s passion for, 142

musical pieces performed, America-Japan Dinner event (1935), 337n2

Mussolini, Benito, 434, 528

Muto, Kinta, 164n6

 

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 220

Nagai, Asako, 341n4, 347n5

Nagai, Matsuzo, 589n1

Nagai, Mrs. Matsuzo, 342n4, 346n5

Nagai, Setsuko, 340n4, 347n5

Nagako, Empress, 130, 440–41, 453, 476–78, 520

Nagako Empress of Japan (Koyama), 476–78

Nagashima, Yoshiharu, 344n5

Nagata, Hidejiro, 397, 403

Nagel, Charles, 30, 372

Nagoya Castle, 407

Nagoya Museum of Fine Arts, 582, 598n21

Naito, Y., 53

NAJAS (National Association of Japan-America Societies), 595n15

Nakabashi, Tokugoro, 213n2

Nakamura, Teru, 342n4

Nakamura, Teruko, 347n5

Nakanishi, Rokusaburo, 68

Nakano, Buei, 63n10, 194, 213n2

Nassau Weekly (newspaper), 548n6

National Aspirations speech, 231–36

National Association of Japan-America Societies (NAJAS), 595n15

National Cherry Blossom Festival, 374, 379, 392n21

National Conference of State Societies’ Princess Program, 392n21

National Council of Churches, 160n1

National Diet Library, 20n3

National Security Agency (NSA) publication, 536

National Student Committee for the Limitation of Armaments, 93–95

National Tribune (newspaper), 384n7

Navohoff, 64n11

Nazi Germany, 434, 521, 525

Nedzu, Kaichiro, 213n2

Neill, John W., 574, 577–78

Netherlands, Olympic Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Neville, Edwin L., 311n8

Neville, Mrs. Edwin L., 342n4, 346n5

New Canaan Garden Club, CT, 351n6

New Deal Administration, 286

Newport Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

New Republic (magazine), 226

Newsom, M. Eugene, 240

New York Daily Tribune (newspaper), 26, 31, 367–69

New York Times (newspaper)

Columbia University visit, Tokugawa, 167

Dern and U.S.-Japan relations, 311n8

dinner honoring Tokugawa by Saito, 288

Garden Club gift to Japan, 334

Hirota meeting Roosevelt in Hawaii, 310n8

Hughes article, 100n2

international trade, Japan, 309n8

invitation to Roosevelt to visit Japan, 287

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japan Society dinner, 293–94

Japan’s Olympics bid (1940), 410

Keller article, 130, 136n5

Lawrenceville, NJ visit, 530

Lindberghs’ reception, 396

luncheon given by Roosevelt for Tokugawa, 392n20

New York City visit, Tokugawa, 278–79

New York World’s Fair, 414

Nippon Club luncheon, 287–88

Oshima and Olympics, 410

photo, Tokugawa addressing Rotarian Convention, 231

Roosevelt luncheon for Tokugawa, 288

Roosevelt on Japan in WWI, 55

Taft on U.S.-Japan relations, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa and extremists, 493

Tokugawa arrival (1910), 442

Tokugawa’s death, 563

Tokugawa’s health, 562

Tokugawa’s radio address, 281–83

Washington Naval Conference, 70, 101n4

Wilson meets Shibusawa article, 203

New York Tribune (newspaper), 59n5, 386n14

New York World’s Fair (1939), 412

Nezu, Kaichiro, 153, 156, 164n6

Niagara, USS, 20n2

Nichibei Shimbun (newspaper), 127

Nicholas, Elizabeth, 352n6

Nicholas II (Emperor of Russia), 24

Nichols, Mrs. Joseph Longworth, 353n6

Niiro, Chunosuke, 164n6

Niiya, Brian, 128, 135n3

Nijo Palace, Kyoto, 325

Ninagawa, Arata, 53, 54–55

Nippon Club, 217n5, 287–88

Nippon Youth Assembly Hall, 137

Nishi, Mrs. Haruhiko, 342n4, 346n5

Nishida, Mrs. Ikutaro, 328, 347n5

Nishida, Rihachi, 347n5

Nishiike, Naruyoshi, 214n2

Nishimura, Ayako, 341n4, 347n5

Nishimura, Jihei, 213n2

Nishimura, Mrs. Kiyoshi, 342n4, 346n5

Nishimura, Shotaro, 216n5

Nishiwaki, Kenji, 164n6

Nitobe, Inazo, 280–81, 574–78, 593n10

Nixon, Richard, 545

Noanett Garden Club, Milton, MA, 351n6

Nobel Peace Prize, 34, 62n7, 66n11, 209

Nomura, Kichisaburō, 421

Nomura, Mrs. Yozo, 341n4

Nomura, Yozo, 345n5

Norimasa, Muragaki, 18n2

North Shore Garden Club, Boston, MA, 351n6

North to the Orient (A. Lindbergh), 403

NSA (National Security Agency) publication, 536

Numano, Y., 213n2

 

Oakland Tribune (newspaper), 520

Obama, Barack, 587–88, 600–605n25

Obama, Michelle, 393n21

Obata, Kyugoro, 213n1, 218n12

obituary announcement, Tokugawa, 590n4

O’Brien, Thomas J., 58n3, 382n4

Office of Public Buildings and Grounds (OPBG), 362–64

Official Welcoming Ceremony for American Friendship Dolls, 137–141

Ogden Standard (newspaper), 215n2

Ohama, Mrs. Tadakazu, 347n5

Ohashi, S., 64n10

Ohashi, Shintaro, 164n6

Ohtani, Kahei, 213n2

Oiwa, Isao, 342n4

Oiwa, Mrs. Isao, 342n4

Okabe, Nagakage, 341n4, 344n5, 589n1

Okabe, Viscountess Nagakage, 346n5

Okada, Ken-ichi, 318, 344n5

Okada, Ryuichi, 343n4

Okahashi, Jisuke, 164n6

Okamoto, Mrs. Suemasa, 341n4, 346n5

Okazaki , Masaya, 164n6

Okura, Kishichiro, 64n10, 164n6

Oliver, John D., 306n6

Olympics

Amsterdam Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Nagano Games (1998), 569

Organizing Committee, 410

Sapporo Games (1972), 569

Tokyo Games (1940), 173, 408–12, 569

Tokyo Games (1964), 569

Onishi, Ichiro, 344n5

Ono, Hideko, 347n5

Ooi, Bokusin, 213n2

Ooka, I., 63n10

OPBG (Office of Public Buildings and Grounds), 362–64

Opening of Japan, 3

Oregon Statesman Journal (newspaper), 311n9

Orlando Sentinel (newspaper), 420n1

Osawa, Mrs. Tokutaro, 328, 347n5

Osawa, Tokutaro, 344n5, 346n5, 347n5

Oshima, Matahiko, 410

Osumi, Mineo, 421

Otani, K., 63n10

Otchiai, Kentaro, 64n11

Otsuka, Tsunekichi, 347n5

Outlook, The (magazine), 91–92

overpopulation, 438n6

Owen, Sydney, 215n3

Oyama, Iwao, 58n3, 382n4

Ozaki, Shinaye, 341n4, 347n5

Ozaki, Yei Theodora, 373, 391n18

Ozaki, Yukika, 340n4, 347n5

Ozaki, Yukio, 26, 32, 100n3, 367–370, 373, 385n12

Ozawa, K., 300

 

Pacific Conference, 304n4

Packard, J.F., 108

Pageant of the Ages performance, 326

Palmer, Frederick, 58n2, 381n2

Panama Railway, 19

Panay Incident, 428–432

Pan Pacific Educational Conference, 168–173

Pan Pacific luncheon, 468

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1, 287, 304n6

Pan-Pacific University, 245

Paris World Exposition (1867), 187

Park, Maude Wood, 87

Parliament of Great Britain, 565

Parsell, Diana, 383n5

Pasadena Garden Club, Pasadena, CA, 351n6

Paul, Mrs. Theodore S., 351n6

Payne, John Barton, 286, 507, 519, 520, 546n1

Payne, Sereno E., 30, 372

Pearce, G.F., 89

Pearl Harbor, 56, 424, 436

Pendleton, Ellen Fitz, 267

Pennsylvania Avenue, 260, 389

Pepper, Mrs. Franklin, 351n6

Perkins, George Walbridge, 217n7

Perry, James DeWolf, 4, 293

Perry, Matthew C., 3–4, 334, 424

Perry, Matthew C. 3, 100n3

Perry, Oliver Hazard, 334, 424

Pershing, John Joseph, 38–39, 374

Phelps, Eleanor, 94

Philadelphia Garden Club, PA, 351n6

Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), 63n9, 270n3

Phillips, William, 286

Phoenix image, 504n1

Photographic Diary of the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Japan, at the Invitation of Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, May 13 to June, 1935, 317–332, 337n1

Photographic Diary of the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Japan at the Invitation of His Excellency Shigeru Yoshida May 10th to May 23rd 1961, 336, 354n8, 355–56n8

Piedmont Garden Club, Piedmont, CA, 352n6

Pierre hotel, 278, 303n3

Piscataqua Garden Club, MI, 351n6

Pittman, Key, 286

Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, 33, 372

Pittsburgh Press (newspaper), 59n6

Place to Save Your Life, A (film), 548n5

Plancon, Georges, 64n11

Platt, Mrs. Charles III, 351n6

Poincare, Raymond, 22

politics, American, 27, 371

Pond, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel, 353n6

Population Connection, 438n6

population stabilization, 438n6

Portland Garden Club, Portland, OR, 352n6

Port of Last Resort: Zuflucht in Shanghai (film), 548n5

Portrait of Tokugawa Ieyasu (painting), 18n1

Portsmouth Peace Conference, 87

Potomac Park, 363, 374

Potomac Tidal Basin, 374, 393n21

Powhatan, USS, 19

Presidio military base, 268

Prince at Princeton, A (Costin), 548n6

Pritchett, Henry S., 62n7

Prittwitz, Freiderich von, 274

Privy Seal (Gyoji), 502–3, 506n4

Problems of the Pacific, 1933 economic conflict and control proceedings of the fifth conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations (Lasker and Holland), 304n4

Proclamation of the Japanese Constitution, 21

Proctor, Mrs. William Cooper, 349n6

Prologue magazine, 437n2

Public Broadcasting Service, 143

Putnam, Mrs. Henry St. Clair, 353n6

 

Queen of the 1937 Cherry Blossom Festival, 379

Quezon, Manuel, 288

 

racism, 25, 115, 120, 434, 509

radio broadcasts, 62n7, 281–83, 286, 471, 520, 586

Radio City Music Hall, 282

Rama VI (king of Siam), 306n6

Reception Committee in Kyoto, Garden Club, 347n5

Reception Committee Junior, Garden Club, 346n5

Reception Committee Senior, Garden Club, 346n5

Red Crescent Societies, 517

Red Cross, American, 119, 546n1

Red Cross, Japanese. See Japanese Red Cross Society

Red Cross, worldwide, 89

Red Cross Conference, International, 507

Red Cross Hospital, Japanese, 57

Red Cross of Hawaii, 245

Remembering Ulysses S. Grant’s visit to Japan (Chida), 109

Reno Gazette-Journal (newspaper), 303n2

Report on the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Honolulu Japan and China in the Spring of 1935 (Davison), 337n3

Reznikoff, John, 505n2

Richards, Mrs. Theodore W., 546n1

Ridgefield Garden Club, Ridgefield, CT, 352n6

Riegel, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Dewitt, 349n6

Righteous Among Nations Award, 541

Righter, Jane, 350n6

Rike, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H., 349n6

Ristaino, Marcia R., 521, 547n3, 547n4

Roanoke, USS, 19

Robinson, Joseph T., 286

Rochester Garden Club, Rochester, NY, 352n6

Rockefeller Center, 128

Rogers, Mrs. Fred F., 341n4, 346n5

Rogers, Will, 238

Roosevelt, Alice, 27, 358, 381n3

Roosevelt, Edith, 427

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 286

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

good-neighbor policy, 311n8

Hirota meeting in Honolulu, 310n8

International Red Cross Conference, 520

Keller and, 130

Konoye and, 530, 535

opening speech, World’s Fair, 415

portrait, 284

relationship with Tokugawa, 284–88, 360

Tokugawa visit (1934), 286–88, 376

University of Southern California and, 166, 571

World Fair invitations, 414

Roosevelt, Henry L., 288

Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, 288, 376

Roosevelt, Theodore

discrimination in California legislation, 384n11

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

photograph (1909) with his daughter Alice, 37

photograph of, 55

postcard linked to Russo-Japanese War, 24

relationship with Tokugawa, 358

Rotary quote, 237

Russo-Japanese War, 215n4

Shibusawa delegation, 198–202

Statement on Japan in WWI, 55–56

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24, 64n11

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. (Colonel), 217n7, 287, 376, 427

Root, Elihu, 29, 34, 62n7, 89, 258, 372

Rosen, Roman von, 64n11

Ross, Phyllis Gregory, 574, 593n9

ROTARIAN magazine, 239

Rotary Club of Tokyo, 240

Rotary International, 229–247

25th Anniversary Convention, 229, 242

50th Anniversary Celebration (1955), 246

commemorative stamp, 247, 248n3

Conference (1930), 229–241, 244

Rotary Peace Centers, 247, 248n4

Roth, Almon E., 238

Rothschild, John, 94

Round Eyes in the Middle Kingdom (film), 548n5

Rowe, L.S., 306n6

Royal Geographical Society of London, 590n4

Ruhm, Mrs. Herman, 354n8

Russell, Lindsay, 32, 370

Russell, Mrs. James S., 318, 351n6

Russo-Japanese War, 24, 65n11, 87, 198, 215n4

Ruth, George “Babe,” 405–7

Rye Garden Club, Greenwich, Rye, NY, 352n6

 

‘Safe Zones,’ 507, 519, 521–23, 540–45, 547n4, 586

Sagers, John, 215n3

Sago (Emperor of Japan), 380n1

Saionji (prince), 496

Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, 134, 566

Saito, Hiroshi, 162n5, 275, 288, 310n8, 379, 535

Saito, Masako, 379

Saito, Miyoko, 288

Saito, Mrs. Soichi, 340n4, 346n5

Saito, Sakiko, 379

Sakaguchi, Heibei, 214n2

Sakano, Mrs. Tsuneyoshi, 342n4, 346n5

Sakatani, Yoshiro, 63n10, 184, 345n5

Sakonji, Seizo, 275

sakura. See cherry blossoms

Salmond, Sir John, 89

samurai, 3

Sand Hills Garden Club, Augusta, GA, 352n6

San Diego Japanese Friendship Garden, 583, 599n23

San Diego Jewish Journal, Holocaust Remembrance Edition, 545

San Diego World Affairs Council (SDWAC), 579–580, 593n13

San Francisco Call (newspaper), 58n1, 214n2

San Francisco Chronicle (newspaper), 215n2

Sankyo Company, Ltd., 216n5

Sarraut, Albert, 89

Sastri, Srinivasa, 89, 546n1

Satake, Sakutaro, 213n2

Sato, I., 42

Sato, Naotake, 64n11

Satow, Mr. and Mrs. Toshito, 266

Savamura, S., 53

Sawada, Mrs. Setsuzo, 341n4, 346n5

Schanzer, Carlo, 80, 546n1

Schiele, Sylvester, 229

Schiff, Jacob Henry, 222

School of International Relations, 166

Schroeder, Seaton, 546n1

Scidmore, Eliza Ruhamah, 362–64, 383n5

Scott, Byron, 178

Scott, Mrs. Arthur Hoyt, 335, 349n6

scroll paintings, 16, 18n1, 155–56, 210

SDWAC (San Diego World Affairs Council), 579–580, 593n13

Seattle Chamber of Commerce, 189, 191

Seattle Garden Club, Seattle, WA, 352n6

Seattle Times (newspaper), 120

secret meetings, 474

Secret Missions: The Story of an Intelligence Officer (Zacharias), 270n2

Seitz, Don Carlos, 223, 224

Seko, Konosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Seko, Mineko, 341n4, 347n5

Seko, Yasuji, 236

Sellers, Mrs. Howard, 350n6

Sellers, Mrs. William F., 353n6

Senate, Tokugawa visit, 27

Sengoku, Masayuki de, 29, 59n6, 372, 386n15

Sewall, Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland, 350n6

Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Cleveland, OH, 352n6

Shanghai Ghetto (film), 524–25, 548n5

Sharp, Mrs. W. B., 350n6

Shaw, Albert, 223

Sherman, James Schoolcraft, 29, 38, 372, 387n16

Sherry’s Hotel, New York, 199–202

Shibusawa, Baroness, 189

Shibusawa, Eiichi

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition trip photo, 189–191

Armenian Weekly article photo, 204–7

banquet honoring (1915), 219n13

biography, 211, 218n12

Chiang Kai-shek and, 209

Col. Roosevelt luncheon, 217n7

as delegate, 27, 213n2, 360

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

Friendship Dolls event, 138

Grant greeting, 108

hanging scroll with calligraphy, 210

Harris and, 229

Harris monument unveiling photo, 184

Honorary Vice-President of Pan-Pacific Union, 306n6

letter from, 208

Memorial Foundation and Museum, 218n11, 581, 597n17

monument built for Grant, 114

photo with Taka Kawada, 185

portrait during Europe tour, 187

portrait photo alongside photo of Tokugawa, 183

relationship with Tokugawa, 34, 183–88

signer of letter linked to Enthronement Edition, 490

sympathy booklet, 63n10

toast at Portland, Oregon reception banquet, 194

Wilson meeting, 203

Shibusawa delegation (1909), 213n2

Shibusawa Memorial Foundation and Museum, 209, 218n11, 581, 597n17

Shidehara, Kijuro

anniversary salutations of Washington Naval Conference, 95

biographical note, 101n5

delegates embarking, 71

group photo, Washington Naval Conference, 68

Jewish magazine interview, 515

signer of letter linked to Enthronement Edition, 490, 505n2

U.S. State Department visit, 72, 510

Washington Naval Conference, 87

Shidura, Baron (possibly Shidehara), 386n15

Shimada, S., 63n10

Shimanouchi, Henry Toshiro, 128

Shimmura, Izuru, 589n1

Shimoda, S., 63n10

Shimomura, Mrs. Sen, 157, 164n6

Shimpei, Goto, 490, 505n2

Shinjuku Imperial Gardens, 130

Shinto shrine, 2

Shiobara, Matasaku, 216n5

Shiohara, Mrs. Matasaku, 341n4

Shirasu, Mrs. Jiro, 340n4, 346n5

Shitara, H., 59n6

shogun rule, 3–4

Shōhō Kaishō stock company, 188

Shonien (Japanese Children’s Home), 133

Shōnii, Second Honour (ritsuryō rank), 188

Shorey, Hiram E., 229

Showa (Enlightened Peace), 453, 486

Shrewsbury Castle, 251

Shubert-Garrick Theater, 89, 546n1

Shuster, William Morgan, 219n13, 221

Simon, Joseph, 194

Simon, Sir John, 62n7, 565

Sino-Japanese War, 23, 65n11

Smith, Mrs. Benjamin Hodges, 350n6

Snyder, Frederic, 173

Society for International Cultural Relations (Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai), 128, 144, 314, 327, 564, 589n1

Soeda, J., 63n10

Sohda, Kinsaku, 213n2

Soldiers of Justice and Right postcard, 44

Southgate, Richard, 259

Southside Garden Club of Long Island, New York, NY, 352n6

Soviet-Chinese Nonaggression Treaty, 434

Soyejima, Michimasa, 409

Spalding, Dora N., 351n6

Spanish-American War, 23, 74, 430

Special Bulletin, America-Japan Society, 118

Spirit of St. Louis, The (monoplane), 394

Spoerri, J. Fuller, 95

Stalin, Joseph, 435

Stars and Stripes magazine, 109

State Seal of Japan (Kokuji), 502–3, 506n4

Stead, William Thomas, 223

Stimson, Henry L., 274

St. Louis Garden Club, St. Louis, MO, 352n6

Stoessinger, John George, 544–45

Stokowski, Leopold, 142

Stone, Jr., Charles B., 268

stone lantern sculpture, 174–180

Stout, Mrs. C. Frederick C., 353n6

Straight, Willard Dickerman, 219n13, 226

Sturges, Mrs. Clarence B., 348n6

Sugi, Eizaburo, 162n5

Sugihara, Chiune, 541, 544–45

Sugita, Tei-Ichi, 58n3, 381n2

Suiheisha Society, 121–25

Sullivan, Ann, 133

Sumitomo, Kichizaemon, 164n6

Sumiyoshi, Kawamura, 442

Summit Garden Club, Summit, NJ, 352n6

Sunday Star (newspaper), 392n19

Suzuki, Mrs. K., 346n5

Suzuki, Shuji, 343n4

Suzuki, Umetaro, 216n5

Suzuki violin learning system, 591n5

Swartley, Mr. and Mrs. John, 354n8

Sze, Alfred Saoke, 79, 80

 

table medals, 42

Tacoma Garden Club, Tacoma, WA, 352n6

Tadamasa, Oguri, 18n2

Tadao, Yamakawa, 275

Taft, Helen “Nellie” Herron, 361–64, 374, 392n21

Taft, Henry W., 281, 293

Taft, Mrs. Henry W., 281

Taft, William Howard

Asia voyage photo, 359

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

Inauguration photo, 28

photo with Helen Taft, 361

Prince Tokugawa and, 371, 387n16

Red Cross meeting, 546n1

Shibusawa delegation, 190, 198

speaking at diplomatic event, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa and, 27

travels as Secretary of War, 358–360, 382n4

Taisho (Emperor of Japan), 22, 24, 38, 289, 444, 486

Tait, David, 458

Tajima, Mrs. Shigeji, 341n4, 346n5

Takagi, Fujiko, 341n4, 347n5

Takahira, Kogoro, 64n11

Takaishi, S., 214n2

Takaku, Jinnosuke, 345n5

Takamatsu, Kikuko

Akihito and, 269

Berlin luncheon, 252

Country Life ceremonial clothing photo, 249

Detroit, Michigan arrival, 264–65

England welcome, 251

Executive Palace, Germany visit, 252

Garden Party, 318

Liberty Bell photo, 262

MGM Studios visit, 265–66

New York welcome, 253–58

Presidio military base visit, 268

Washington, D.C. welcome, 259–261

Takamatsu, Nobuhito

Berlin luncheon, 252

Butler tour, 167

Country Life ceremonial clothing photo, 249

Detroit, Michigan arrival, 264–65

England welcome, 251

essay contest judge, 589n1

Executive Palace, Germany visit, 252

Garden Party, 318

International Goodwill Tour, 249–269

lender of art, 1936 exhibition, 163n6

Liberty Bell photo, 262

Mashbir 1930 reception, 465

MGM Studios visit, 265–66

New York welcome, 253–58

Presidio military base visit, 268

Washington, D.C. welcome, 259–261

Takamine, Jokichi

anti-discrimination statement, 384n11

biographical note, 216n5

cherry blossom tree gift, 364

East & West Meeting photo, 200

Japan Society luncheon, 32, 370

photo (c1912), 365

Shibusawa dinner (1915), 219n13

Takao, Toru, 72

Takarabe, Takeshi, 275

Takatsuji, Narazo, 214n2

Takeda, Enji, 163n5

Takeda, Yenji, 343n4, 345n5

Taki, Kumejiro, 214n2

Taki, Takichi, 343n4

Tale of the Genji (Shikibu), 598n19

Tamamushi Shrine, 153

Tamura, R. Tsuyoshi, 345n5

Tamura, Shinkichi, 214n2

Tamura, Tetsusuke, 341n4

Tamura, Tsuyoshi, 341n4

Tanabe, Muneo, 574, 577

Tanaka C. Photo Studio, 131

Tanaka, Giichi, 490, 505n2

Tanaka, Hozumi, 589n1

Tanaka, Kotaro, 589n1

Tanaka, T., 213n2

Tanakadate, Aikitu, 169

Tan’yū, Kano, 18n1

Tauruta, Eiko, 115

Taylor, Montgomery, 421

Teat, Admiral, 546n1

Temperance movement, 102n7

Temperance Society, 92

Temple of Kunozan, 2

Ten Years in Japan (Grew), 130, 426

Terada, Jinkichi, 164n6

Terada, S., 64n10

Terauchi, Hisaichi, 63n10

Terry, Mrs. James, 350n6

Tetsudo Hotel, Tokyo, 409

The Gardeners, Pennsylvania, 350n6

This Rotarian Age (Harris), 237

Thomas, Mrs. James R., 350n6

Thomson, Polly, 129

Three Sacred Treasures of Japan, 486

ticker tape parade for Lindbergh, 394

Time Magazine, 277

Time Magazine 144, 143, 238

Times, The (London), 386n13, 390n17

Tingkan, Tsai, 89

Tison, Alexander, 278

Toda, Yashichi, 164n6

Togasaki, Kiyoshi, 345n5

Togo, Baroness Yasushi, 341n4, 346n5

Togo, Mrs. Shigenori, 341n4, 346n5

Tokuda, Sumiko, 117–19

Tokugawa, Hope, 288

Tokugawa, Iemochi, 5–7, 104–5

Tokugawa, Ieyasu, 1, 2, 18n1, 597n19

Tokugawa, Iyemasa

Armenian Genocide and, 206–7

biographical note, 592n7

commemorative bronze plaque, 583

Dedication for Japanese Garden, 574–78

dinner honored by Ambassador Saito, 288

diplomatic positions, 70

Fiftieth anniversary photograph, 572

fire-bomb of Prince Tokugawa’s home, 494

Hearst meeting, 298–300

honorary degree from University of British Columbia, 592n8

inspection tour to Europe and America, 280

International Conference on Social Work, Japan Committee, 301

Japanese Red Cross delegation, 53

Lawrenceville, New Jersey visit, 530

observing father receiving honorary degree, 165

official dress photo (1929), 573

photograph with Shibusawa, 184

radio broadcaster, 283

Royal Couple greeting, 264–65

send off luncheon for Prince Tokugawa, 576

Tsunenari Tokugawa and, 598n20

Tokugawa, Iyesato

affinity for the West, 11–12

American Pictorial delegation announcement, 67

American Red Cross meeting, 546n1

American School in Tokyo dedication ceremony, 422

arrival announcement, visit 1910, 26

art/cultural exhibits, 582

art exhibition brought West, 144–159

autographed card, 97–98

baseball and, 405–7

canned interviews, 386n15

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 258

cautious approach to media, 34, 63n8

cherry blossom tree gift, 366–370

Chicago and Pittsburgh visit, 33–34

Chicago World’s Fair, 404

Clark and, 20n4

condolence booklet to Allies, 45–52

constitution anniversary postcard, 21

delegates embarking, 71

delivering dedication to Grant at Ueno Park, 114

Diet Declaration (1938), 536–38

diplomatic tour (1933-34), 375

Enthronement Edition, 490

exhibition advisory committee, 162n5

Fiftieth Anniversary photo, 572

Friendship Dolls Ceremony, 137

  1. Roosevelt and, 284

Garden Club of America, 314–336, 342n4, 343n5

Grew and, 421–433

group photo (1937), 484n5

Harris and, 240

Harris monument unveiling photo, 184

Hawaiian reception, 245

Hearst meeting, 298–300

Hearst meeting at MGM, 311n9

Hirohito and, 476

Hirohito visit, 441, 568

Honolulu visit, 312n11

honorary degree from USC, 165, 571

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

Hoover and, 276

House of Peers selection, 529–533

human rights and, 104, 121–25

inspection tour to Europe and America (1933), 280

international shuttle diplomacy, 586

introduction/eulogy for Shibusawa, 211

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japanese Red Cross Society and, 516–521

Japan Society of New York 1934 visit, 290–93

Jewish refugees and, 507–15

Kaishu and, 9, 13–15

Keller reception committee, 130

legacy events, 579–580

Lincoln Centenary Essay Contest, 115–120

Lincoln Essay Contests, 587

Lindbergh recognition, 355–407

lineage of, 1

luncheon given by Roosevelt, 286

Mashbir’s invitation response, 459

militants and, 493–503

music passion, 142

Nagako and, 440

Newsom and, 240

New York visits, 31–33, 367–370

New York World’s Fair, 414

Olympic bid (1940), 408–12

Olympic Games and, 569

orphanage visit, 133

painting (c1877), 12

Panay Incident, 428–432

Pan Pacific Educational Conference opening address, 169

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1, 306n6, 309n7

Payne meeting photo, 507

photo (1934), 483n1

photo with wife and children (1918), 572

Pittsburgh visit, 59n6

portrait (c1867), 5

portrait (c1894), 17

portrait photo (1921), 90, 561

portrait photo alongside photo of Shibusawa, 183

Prince of Peace description, 526

promoting peace today, 581–82

radio broadcasts, 62n7, 520

Rotarian Age quote, 237

ROTARIAN magazine article, 239

Rotary International Conference, 229–241

Royal Couple reception, 249–250

safe zones and, 521–23

Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation and, 134, 566

send-off luncheon, 576

Shibusawa and, 183–88, 581

signer of Washington Naval Conference, 89

supporting Suiheisha members, 122

sympathy booklet, 63n10

Taft diplomatic event, 58n3, 382n4

tea with representatives after Garden Club gift acceptance, 334

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 296–97

Tomosaburo and, 69

U.S. State Department visit, 72, 510

visit to U.S. (1910), 26–37, 366–373

visit to U.S. (1930), 276–79

Washington, D.C. visit, 27, 371–72, 386n13

Washington Naval Conference and, 67–98

Western view of, 91–92

women’s rights and, 126–28

World Federation of Education Association, 168

yellow peril and, 63n9

Yoshinobu and, 17

youth and guidance, 5–8

Tokugawa, Kazu, 167, 441, 483n1, 568

Tokugawa, Kikuko. See Takamatsu, Kikuko

Tokugawa, Kuniyuki, 597n19

Tokugawa, Marchioness Yorisada, 318, 332, 342n4, 345n5

Tokugawa, Marquis, 318

Tokugawa, Marquises Yorisada, 591n5

Tokugawa, Mitsukuni, 597n19

Tokugawa, Muneyoshi, 164n6

Tokugawa, Toyo, 281, 297, 300

Tokugawa, Tsunenari, 592n7, 598n20

Tokugawa, Yorifusa, 597n19

Tokugawa, Yorisada, 332, 342n4, 343n5, 589n1, 591n5

Tokugawa, Yoshichika, 164n6

Tokugawa, Yoshinobu

cautious approach to media, 63n8

Clark and, 20n4

guiding role with Iyesato, 17

Kamenosuke adoption, 5

photograph, 186

portrait (c1867), 5

portrait with Iyesato, 17

Princess Takamatsu and, 250

Shibusawa and, 185–87

Tokugawa Art Museum, 17, 582, 597n18

Tokugawa Iesato (painting), 12

Tokugawa Memorial Foundation, 17, 582, 598n20

Tokugawa Museum Foundation, 17, 582, 597n19

Tokugawa Shogunate, 1–8, 17, 185–87, 380n1, 582, 598n20

Tokuzawa, Kenko, 340n4, 347n5

Tokyo District Court, 501

Tokyo Harbor, 473

Tokyo Imperial Household Museum, 163n6

Tokyo Imperial School of Art, 163n6

Tokyo Imperial University, 169

Tokyo Keizai University, 188

Tokyo School for the Blind. See University of Tsukuba School for the Blind

Tokyo Stock Exchange, 188

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 267, 296–97, 451

Tomosaburo, Kato, 69, 102n6

Topping, Mrs. Henry, 87

Torei Ningyo (Dolls of Gratitude), 139

Toyama, Motoichi, 164n6

Train, Russell, 259

Trans-Siberian Railway, 37

Treadway, Mrs. Lyman, 352n6

Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament. See London Naval Treaty

Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (1860), 6

Treaty of Friendship and Commerce (1930), 527

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24, 64n11

Tripartite Pact, 435–36

Triple Intervention, 65n11

Tsuchihashi, Kahei, 164n6

Tsuchiya, M., 59n5, 386n14

Tsuda, Noritake, 163n5, 343n4, 345n5

Tsuda English College, 117

Tsuji, Zennosuke, 589n1

Twenty-sixth Centennial International Essay Contest Commemorating Founding of Japanese Empire, 564

 

Uchida, Yasuya, 29, 281, 372, 576

Ueno Park, Tokyo, 112, 114, 406

Umberto II, 446

Umezono, Tokuhiko, 328, 347n5

Underwood, Oscar W., 89

UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), 584, 599n24

United Nations, 584

United Press, 279

United States

American Legation, 135n1, 483n3

Civil War, 25, 104, 107–8, 116

embassy, 407, 455, 456

expansionism, 23

first ladies, 392–93n21

mass media, 298–300

official visit (1912), 39

politics, 23–25, 371

Red Cross Conference delegates, 546n1

United States Capitol Dome, 73

United States/Japan relations

America-Japan Society, 420n2

Dern on, 311n8

early engagement, 6–7

Harris and, 414

Knox and Pershing visit, 38–39

Lincoln and Grant, 104–25

Mashbir and, 459

Roosevelt and, 55–56

Russo-Japanese War resolution and, 215n4

Shibusawa and Straight discussion, 219n13

Shibusawa delegation, 189–203

Taft on, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa on, 293–300

United States Military Academy, 267

United States Naval Academy, 267

United States Stock Market Crash (1929), 230, 272

University of Arizona, 166

University of British Columbia, 573, 592n8

University of Pennsylvania, 262

University of Southern California (USC), 100n1, 165–66, 571

University of Tsukuba School for the Blind, 130

untouchables, 3

USC (University of Southern California), 100n1, 165–66, 571

Ushizuka, Torataro, 334, 345n5, 378, 409

 

Valadou, Joan, 570

Valentine, Myra, 351n6

Valley Forge, 262

valor (sword regalia), 486

Vandenberg, Arthur H., 286

van Karnebeek, H.A., 80

Vernou, Walter N., 286

Versailles Peace Conference (1919), 87, 426

Veverka, Ferdinand, 274

victory medals, WWI, 42–43

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 219n13, 220

Vincent, Elizabeth, 94

vitamin B1 (Orizanin®), 216n5

Viviani, René, 89

Volunteer Workers American Relief in Japan, 456–58

Volz, Yong Z., 181n3

Vories, William Merrell, 422

voting rights, of Japanese women, 126

 

WACA (World Affairs Councils of America), 593n13

Wada, T., 64n10

Wakatsuki, Reijiro, 275, 498

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, 290–93

Walker, James, 255

Walker, Miriam D., 351n6

Walsh, J. M., 352n6

Walsh, Mrs. Edward J., 348n6, 352n6

War Council of the American Red Cross, 54

Ward, Horace B., 95

Warren, Charles B., 87, 264

Warren, Mrs. Benjamin, 348n6, 350n6

War Zone Refugee Relief Committee, 542

Washington, Booker T., 220

Washington, George, 87, 267, 415

Washington Monument, 363

Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

acquired historical items, 96–98

additional details about, 70–85

American University students and, 93–95

against anti-Semitism, 508

articles, 101n4

continued study of, 586

foundation for, 68

group photos from, 79–80

Japanese general public and, 88

Japanese views of, 87

Jewish magazine interview, 509

militants against, 100n3

one year after, 95

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1

photo from Memorial Hall, 83

photo of Japanese Parliament delegation, 68

Red Cross Societies comparison, 516

signing ceremony, 89

Tokugawa and, 67–98

Washington Naval Treaty, 251, 424

women’s peace movement and, 86–87

Washington. Presentation of the Japanese Embassy to the President and Cabinet, in the East Room of the Executive Mansion (Taylor; engraving), 135n2

Washington Times (newspaper), 516, 546n1

Watanabe, Akira, 164n6

Watanabe, Kwazan, 157

Watase, Torajiro, 214n2

Watson, Edwin M., 286

WCTU (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union), 86–87, 102n7

Webster, Mrs. Charles, 354n8

Weeders, The (Garden Club), Philadelphia, PA, 353n6, 353n7

welcoming toasts, Portland, Oregon reception banquet, 194

Wellesley College, 267

Welsh, John, 95

West Point (United States Military Academy), 267

“What the Japanese have stood for in the World War” (T. Roosevelt), 55–56

Wheeler, Edward Jewitt, 223, 228

White, Mrs. William B., 352n6

White, Mrs. Windsor T., 349n6

White Man’s Burden (Kipling), 25, 424

Why War? Essays and Addresses on War and Peace (Butler), 258

Wild West Show, Madison Square Garden, 32

Wiley College, 166

Willard hotel, 387–390n16

Williams, Francis L., 350n6

Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Nelson B., 349n6

Williams, Mrs. Francis D., 350n6

Williams, Walter, 174, 178

Wilmington Garden Club, Wilmington, DE, 353n6

Wilson, Hugh, 535

Wilson, Margaret, 54

Wilson, Woodrow, 22, 54, 203, 237, 306n6

Winans, Mrs. Carlton G., 352n6

Winchester and Clarke County Garden Club, Winchester, VA, 353n6

Wirt, Lincoln L., 205–6, 217n8

wisdom (mirror regalia), 486

Witsell, Edward, 458

Witte, M., 64n11

Wolseley, Frances, 391n17

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 86–87, 102n7

women

voting rights in Japan, 126

Women’s College, 115

women’s rights in Japan, 126–28

Wood, Leonard, 306n6

Wood, Mrs. Erskine, 352n6

Woodside-Atherton Garden Club, Woodside and Atherton CA, 353n6

Woodward, Robert S., 62n7

Worcester Garden Club, Worcester, MA, 353n6

World Affairs Councils of America (WACA), 593n13

world economic depression, 272, 301

World Federation of Education Associations, 168–173

World’s Sunday School Convention, 92

World War I

aftermath, 101n3, 250

aid of France, 451

Japanese participation, 39–57

Japanese Red Cross Society, 516

Japan joins Allies, 21–22

U.S.-Japan relations and, 23–25

victory medals, 38

World War II

end of, 508

Hiroshima remembrance, 588

Holocaust, 549n7

Japanese American history, 135n3, 135n4

Jewish treatment, 509

Safe Zones, 521–23

surrender, 473

Tripartite Pact and, 435–36

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 484n3

WWI Alliance postcard illustration, 24

 

Yada, Mrs. Chonosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Yagi, Hiroshi, 324, 342n4

Yajima, Kajiko, 87–88

Yamamoto, Eriko, 127

Yamamoto, Isoroku, 275

Yamashika, Seika, 504n1

Yanagita, K., 63n10

Yasakani no Magatama jewel, 486

Yashiro, Yukio, 162n5, 589n1

Yasuda, Z., 63n10

Yasuda, Zenjiro, 164n6

Yata no Kagami mirror, 486

Yatsuta Maru liner, 425

“Yellow Journalism,” 298

“Yellow Peril,” 39, 63n9, 298

YMCA, 173

Yokohama Harbor, 329

Yoshida (musician), 131

Yoshida, Kazuko, 341n4, 347n5

Yoshida, Mrs. Shigeru, 332, 342n4, 345n5

Yoshida, Mrs. Tamotsu, 341n4, 347n5

Yoshida, Shigeru, 336, 354n8

Yoshihito, Crown Prince (Emperor Taisho), 444

Yoshino, Shinji, 414

Yoshitaka, Kimura, 18n2

Yost, Mrs. Ellis A., 87

Yuasa, Kurahel, 502

Yuasa, Mrs. Hachiro, 328, 347n5

Yukichi, Fukuzawa, 13, 18n2, 20n4

Yukiko (granddaughter of Tokugawa), 137

 

Zacharias, Ellis M., 250, 261, 270n2

Zero Population Growth (ZPG). See Population Connection

Ziemans (Reverend), 458

Zimmermann, Arthur, 56

Zimmermann Telegram, 56

Zojoji Temple, 112

Zumoto, M., 214n2, 219n13

 

 

 

 

 

Welcome!

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The illustrated Blog posts on this website focus on U.S. Japan relations and Japanese history.

Katz was a Specialist in Rare Books and Ephemera when he acquired the personal papers of a Master Spy, Colonel Sidney Forrester Mashbir (1891-1973). These fascinating materials, combined with his passion for history and many years of research resulted in the exciting historical novel THE EMPEROR AND THE SPY, followed by a sequel, an illustrated biography titled: THE ART OF PEACE.

The Emperor and the Spy highlights the adventurous life of Colonel Mashbir and reveals his alliance during the 1920s and 1930s with many Japanese leaders, including members of the Japanese Royal Family. These influential Japanese included Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863-1940) President of Japan’s upper house of congress for thirty years & Baron Shibusawa Eiichi, who is known as the Father of the Modern Japanese Economy. These fine Japanese statesmen blended international diplomacy, art and cultural exchange, as well as business and commerce to bring nations together in friendship. 

Colonel Mashbir in his personal writings emphasized:

Prince Tokugawa was the true hidden power behind the Imperial Throne & was so politically influential in supporting democracy and peace, it was only after his death in 1940, that Japan was pressured into joining the Axis Powers in WWII.

In the process of rapidly moving forward towards reconciliation between the U.S. and Japan following that tragic conflict, much of the history of the first four decades of the 1900s were lost or forgotten, with little recognition given to heroic efforts by many Japanese and non-Japanese who strove to prevent that war. Many readers of The Emperor and the Spy wanted to know more about the impressive individuals depicted in the novel and the period they lived, leading to the Prince Tokugawa biography: The Art of Peace. 

 

Praise for The Art of Peace

“Your new biography is the perfect follow on to your historical novel The Emperor and the Spy about Colonel Mashbir, a  superlative history that was a fun read, yet it was also eye opening to the story behind the scenes in that critical time of history between the west and Japan.  Here is all that anyone who is a serious student of conflict and history of Japan could possibly want.  The illustrated version of pure history makes this biography as fun to read as a novel. I enjoyed every chapter.  Just as a footnote, I loved the way you ended the book with President Obama’s and Japanese Prime Minister Abe’s speeches – Those words are exactly how all our minds should work in building relationships between peoples that are of different cultures.  I am richer in knowledge about all the amazing heretofore unknown to me heroes that you portrayed, especially Prince Tokugawa.

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired)

 

“I am very pleased to learn that you have now published ”The Emperor and the Spy”…‘’I have learned a lot about Colonel Mashbir and his real friendship with Prince Iesato Tokugawa which was a pleasant surprise for me.” “I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations / current Ambassador of Japan to the European Union

 

 

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California

 

 

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California Chapter, an organization which promotes positive relations among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue.

 

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors.”

With gratitude, Toru Shigehara

Head Librarian/Information Resources Center

Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation

 

In 2021, the general reader digital edition of THE ART OF PEACE was revised, retitled, and newly published as THE ART OF DIPLOMACY to better represent the broad spectrum of Prince Tokugawa’s achievements.

AVAILABLE IN PRINT AND KINDLE EBOOK EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Colonel Sidney Mashbir’s widow Alice gifted her husband’s portrait of General MacArthur to his good friends Marine Captain William Warren and Marine Colonel Robert F. Warren…Robert and William shared their personal experiences with their friend Sidney.

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Having studied and written about Colonel Sidney Mashbir, it was my good fortune when Robert Warren and his son William Warren contacted me in 2018 to discuss their close friendship with Colonel Mashbir many years earlier.

William and Robert generously shared various historical materials linked to Colonel Mashbir (1891-1973). This blog post will present a number of those items, as well as Robert and William’s recollections of Colonel Mashbir. Also included is biographic material about Robert and William Warren, who being younger than Mashbir, were inspired and influenced by Colonel Mashbir’s heroic dedication to our nation.

-The oil painting illustration of General Douglas MacArthur shown above is courtesy of the William Warren.

 

Further details about the General MacArthur oil painting.

Below is an email sent by William (aka Bill) dated April 17, 2018, giving more info about the history of the painting and why it was gifted to him.

“Stan, here are photographs of the portrait of General MacArthur.  I have provided three views, one where I stood back in order to give you an idea of the relative size of it.

According to Alice Mashbir, she thought that Sid would have wanted me to have this portrait as it was one of his most loved things.  The portrait hung over his mantle at his house in Emerald Bay (Laguna Beach).  Also according to Alice, Sid acquired this portrait from an art store in New York (City I think) and it was a big secret about what he may have paid for it.  It was apparently commissioned by General MacArthur’s wife.  The story goes that when she discovered an infidelity she threw champagne at the portrait.  That may be true since one can clearly see very faint dribbles of something.

The artist of the portrait was Julian Lamar.  I am not sure when it was painted.  A bit about Julian Lamar:

Born Julian Kitchen Lamar Miller in Augusta, Georgia, he shortened his name to Lamar in 1922 to honor his mother’s family and to make his name more memorable as an artist. Although he began painting as a child, his family encouraged him to attend the United States Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1918. After the Armistice, he resigned his commission to concentrate on his career as an artist. Lamar lived for a while in Chicago, then moved to New York in 1920.

He maintained an active studio in New York, but traveled extensively to paint his subjects in their native surroundings. He painted many prominent figures, including Prime Minister Winston Churchill; President Franklin D. Roosevelt; Franklin H. Martin, President, American College of Surgeons; and Governor Frank Dixon, Alabama. He was also an accomplished landscape painter.

You can Google him…there is a lot of information about him on the web.

Enjoy Stan.  I will forward documents this afternoon.

Bill Warren”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 19, 1945, Lt. General Kawabe, Takashiro met by Mashbir.                Source of photo: courtesy of William Warren.                                      

Besides taking a decisive role in the winning of WWII, Colonel Mashbir also helped orchestrate the Japanese Surrender Signing Ceremony, officially ending the conflict. In the above photo, Mashbir receives the Japanese Surrender Signing Arrangement committee in Manila, Philippines. They would work together to organize the details for the surrender.

The term V-J Day represents both the initial announcement of Japan’s surrender on the afternoon of August 15, 1945 in Japan, and because of time zone differences, August 14, 1945 when it was announced in the United States and the rest of the Americas and Eastern Pacific Islands. V-J Day is also represented as September 2, 1945, when the actual signing of the surrender document occurred, officially ending World War II.

 

A Gift to Colonel Mashbir from General MacArthur

The Photo inscription reveals Mashbir’s significant role in winning World War Two.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“To Mashbir”


“With admiration and cordial regard from his old comrade-in-arms.”


“Douglas MacArthur”


“Tokyo – 1945”   

 

 

Twenty seven years later, in 1972, the below inscribed portrait photo of Colonel Mashbir was respectfully gifted to his good friend Robert Warren, who Mashbir addressed as:

“Colonel Bob Warren, a gallant Marine”.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert’s son, William, has added the below description linked to this photo.

“Here is a photo of Sid with an inscription to my Dad and Mother (Millie).  Mother passed away in January 2010, but she, my Dad, Sid and Alice became good friends over the years.  This photo is dated 1972.  There are two photos of my Dad that I thought you might like to have, one was his official USMC photo taken in 1969 I think and the other where he is posed on the jet was taken, I think, in 1965 (see below).  He was then a Lt. Colonel and was the Commanding Officer of the Marine Attack Squadron, VMA-331 based in Beaufort, SC.  The squadron flew the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.  A side note, one of the previous Commanding Officers of VMA-331 was Lt. Colonel Don Conroy who was the “Great Santini” character in Pat Conroy’s novel of the same name.” 

 

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Presented below is further Information about Colonel Mashbir and other topics gathered during an interview with Colonel Robert F. Warren – May 18, 2018.

Colonel Robert F. Warren proudly mentioned that his son William had been an infantry platoon leader in Viet Nam, and that the survival rate for that position averaged only 4-6 months. Thank God he made it back.

Robert stated he spent many hours with Mashbir and recalled that Mashbir was angry with General Willoughby, who was General MacArthur’s chief of staff GHQ during WWII. Robert said that Mashbir would mockingly imitate Willoughby’s accent. Mashbir’s anger stemmed from his feeling that Willoughby had often prevented Mashbir from directly delivering urgent strategic information to MacArthur, and that Willoughby regularly took credit for many of Mashbir’s ideas.

Below are a number of other comments Colonel Warren made related to Colonel Mashbir.

-When Mashbir returned to the Imperial Hotel after surviving the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, the Hotel Manager Inmaru (sp?) responded as if, “He couldn’t be more surprised if he’d seen the Buddha step out of Hell.”

-Robert clarified a matter linked to the historical novel about Colonel Mashbir, titled The Emperor and the Spy. Robert said that Mashbir’s good friend James Moriarty (Marine) was sent to China first, then to Japan.

-Sidney Mashbir’s son Forrester (his older son) became the manager of entertainment at the Sands Hotel/Casino in Las Vegas.

-Robert met Don Mashbir (Sidney’s younger son) and Don’s wife Rosa.

-Sid told Don that Sid didn’t want heroics to keep him alive when he got near the end.

-Sidney Mashbir’s home was in Emerald Bay, in Laguna Beach, which has beautiful views.

-Sid came to Robert’s military retirement party.

-Sid started the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo. Robert said, “Sid had a strong positive feeling for the whole nation of Japan.”

-Robert stated, “Sid had respect for the top levels of the Japanese hierarchy who were against war; they were almost prisoners of the military or they were eliminated altogether.”

-When Mashbir was leaving Japan, he laid on the floor of the ship, so as not to see Mt. Fuji, because he was superstitious that if you do not wish to return to Japan, you should not look back at that magnificent mountain view.

 

William Warren wrote the below letter:

“I have just ordered two copies of your book [The Emperor and the Spy], one for my father and one for myself. Both of us had the pleasure of calling Colonel Mashbir our friend. I personally spent many, many hours with Colonel Mashbir at his home in Laguna Beach. He and his second wife, Alice were host to me on many, many weekends when I was a young Lieutenant in the US Marine Corps. Sid also invited me to the Army and Navy Club in Washington DC where I believe he was a charter member. He was a most amazing man and one of my all-time heroes!! After Sid’s death, Alice sent me the original oil painting of General MacArthur that was one of his prized possessions. This portrait hung over the mantel in his Laguna Beach home. Alice told me that Sid would have wanted me to have this portrait and that I was to forever keep this in my family, never giving it to a museum or selling it. That portrait still hangs in my home today. Alice also gave me a copy of Sid’s book, “I was an American Spy” and she endorsed the book for me.

I have not yet read your book, but would love to keep in touch with you. Thank you for honoring this great man.

(William) Bill Warren, 9026 Mossy Hill Lane, Indian Land, SC 29707.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Presented below are William Warren’s comments after reading this novel:

“Review of “The Emperor and the Spy”

“A true story of intrigue, history and a little known American hero.”

By Bill Warren on May 27, 2018

“I had the good fortune to have met Colonel Sidney Mashbir when I was a newly minted Lieutenant in the Marine Corps. It was my distinct honor to have spent hours and hours with him over the years, visiting him both in his home in Laguna Beach, California and at the Army and Navy Club in Washington, DC where he enjoyed the status as a charter member. During those visits, Colonel Mashbir related hundreds of stories and showed me untold number of documents and I think I spent hundreds of hours listening to him. I am not sure what cemented the relationship I had with this fascinating hero, but I treasured every moment and consider him to have been among my very best friends, mentor and teacher. I am both in awe of and pleased with Stan S. Katz who recognized a real hero of our country and that he undertook the mission to write this book. His research for The Emperor and the Spy, appears to be meticulous and he tells a story that NEEDS to be told. Not many would ever have guessed that Colonel Mashbir served with General Pershing in Mexico. Likewise, who would have believed that Colonel Mashbir would have become so endeared with, respected by and maintained a secret alliance with the royal family of Japan prior to World War II. The Colonel indeed had a special relationship with Prince Tokugawa, the Emperor Hirohito and their families. Through these relationships, Colonel Mashbir made a valiant attempt to avert WWII in the Pacific. That is just part of the story. The other part is the intelligence work performed for General Douglas MacArthur during the war that, without a doubt, shortened the war with Japan. Even after the war, Colonel Mashbir utilized his deep understanding of the Japanese and his friendship with many of its leaders to make major contributions to the peaceful occupation of Japan and without those efforts, the outcome of post-war Japan would have been a completely different country.

Stan Katz skillfully weaves this story into a very readable and exciting historical fictionalized novel. His facts, based on the stories told to me by Colonel Mashbir are genuine and because of the nature of Colonel’s work, are irrefutable. Stan easily stands with Bernard Cornwell, Jeff Sharra and Michael Sharra in his skill constructing a superb story around historical facts and with Brad Meltzer in his ability to develop historical characters while keeping the adventure exciting. If you like historical novels and want to learn about a real American hero, you will find it in this magnificent book.” Note: On May 13th, 2018, Bill Warren called his father Robert and related, “That his Dad had read the first half of The Emperor and the Spy, and was thoroughly enjoying it.”

 

Another Interview with William Warren linked to Colonel Mashbir.

William described Sidney Mashbir as the consummate gentlemen. Rarely, if ever, did he hear him raise his voice. William commented that I had captured the essence of the man in The Emperor and the Spy, and that he thought Sidney and I would have gotten along well, which made my day. 

William confirmed what his father Robert had told him, that during WWII, Mashbir hated General Willoughby and they had numerous confrontations/tussles. William felt that Willoughby outranked Mashbir and Mashbir had to take it. “Mashbir couldn’t stand the man.” William said, “Willoughby might have blocked Mashbir from getting directly to General MacArthur, but Mashbir probably violated the chain of command to get to General MacArthur on occasion.”

William stated I got the story right in the novel, that when recruiting the Nisei for the WWII intelligence organization ATIS, it helped that they could both speak and read the language. Speaking Japanese is relatively easy, but reading it is much more difficult.

William said he thought that MacArthur felt somewhat abandoned in the Pacific theater, with most of the military resources going to the European theater of war.

 

THESE BOOKS OFFER FURTHER INSIGHTS INTO THE FASCINATING AND EXCITING EXPLOITS OF COLONEL MASHBIR.

 

 

 

This biography highlights one of Colonel Mashbir’s most influential Japanese allies, Prince Tokugawa Iesato.

During the 1920s and ’30s, Mashbir and Tokugawa heroically strove to maintain the goodwill between their nations. 

Available in Print and Kindle EBook

 

 

 

EBOOK REPUBLICATION OF COLONEL MASHBIR’S 1953 AUTOBIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

 

PARTING NOTE:

It was a pleasure meeting Robert and William Warren, two impressive gentlemen who proudly served our nation.

Colonel Robert F. Warren wrote a screenplay, and in association with U.S. military historian and writer, Navy Lt. Charles Wyatt, they completed an adaptation of that screenplay into a short novel titled: The Elephants of Trabong – This dramatic and engaging story is linked to Robert’s experiences during the Viet Nam War, where his assignment was to win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese citizenry thru improving the economic life in their villages. It would definitely make a great movie!

*Representatives of the film industry can receive a synopsis of the screenplay and novel thru the below contacts:

William Warren:   [email protected]

Colonel Robert F. Warren also wrote an autobiography on his personal life story & military experiences in three wars. 

Blog link on the website for more information about Colonel Warren and his autobiography “ONLY IN MY AMERICA”.