Stan. S. Katz

Author of The Emperor and the Spy

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY: Exciting News – The inspiring life and accomplishments of Prince Tokugawa have finally come to light!

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This biography celebrates one of the great international statesmen of his time. Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863-1940) (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa), an adept diplomat and humanitarian who served as a cultural and political bridge between the East and the West, while also supporting mutual respect within Asia.

Tokugawa found creative ways to share his love of the arts, music, science, and nature to bring nations together in friendship. According to the high level US intelligence agent Colonel Sidney Mashbir, if not for Prince Tokugawa’s untimely death in 1940, Tokugawa would likely have prevented Japan joining the Axis Powers in World War II.

There is a major void in the current understanding of pre-WWII history – Prince Tokugawa has not yet been recognized for his many significant accomplishments. This includes the creation of “Safe Zones” war-torn China that helped save the lives of a half-million Chinese civilians and tens of thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust in Europe.

Prince Tokugawa also took a pivotal role in creating the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, DC. – This wonderful event continues to this day as one of the largest international celebrations in the US Capital, promoting the strong continuing friendship between the US and Japan.

The Art of Diplomacy presents hundreds of illustrations, including many rare and one-of-a-kind photos to reveal Prince Tokugawa’s inspiring life and the fascinating and often turbulent period he lived. It offers a new window to a half century of world history.

The author, Stan S. Katz, grew up in New York City, then moved to San Diego. He has a background as a teacher and health professional. He has also owned bookstores and was a specialist in rare books when he acquired the personal library, photos and documents of a high-level US Intelligence agent. This secret agent had befriended many of Japan’s most influential leaders during the 1920s and ‘30s. These unique primary source materials, combined with Stan’s passion for history and many years of research, has resulted in this exciting story about a truly unsung hero, Prince Tokugawa.

 

                      Praise for the biography

 

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired) wrote:

“Amazing little known history. I enjoyed every chapter.”

 

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations wrote:

“I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

 

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California wrote:

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

 

Suzette Heiman, Director of Planning and Communications – The Missouri School of Journalism at University of Missouri [The first school of Journalism in the U.S.] wrote:

“We look forward to adding this biography to the School’s library collection. Your goal to reach high school and college students with this information is an ambitious – but important – goal.”

 

Toru Shigehara: Head Librarian/Information Resources Center Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation and Museum wrote:

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors. With gratitude,”

 

Bill Davison – President of the North County Chapter of the San Diego World Affairs Council wrote:

“Entertaining and Educational! This wonderful book will almost certainly broaden your perspective on US-Japanese relationships.”

 

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California wrote:

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

 

 

 

AVAILABLE IN PRINT EDITION & KINDLE EBOOK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Establishing the “Prince Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund” – promoting peace, democracy, and a love of music.

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A MEMORIAL FUND THAT ENCOURAGES PEACE, DEMOCRACY, AND A LOVE OF MUSIC.

Your suggestions are welcome. 

[email protected]

*****************************************************************************

 

Prince Tokugawa Iesato (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, 1863-1940) 

Potential names for the foundation:

Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund: honoring the memory of Prince Tokugawa, promoting global peace and democracy, and a love for music in children. 

Tokugawa Memorial Fund: honoring the memory of Prince Tokugawa, promoting global peace and democracy, and a love for music in children. 

 

MISSION STATEMENT:

This non-profit memorial fund would emphasize the strong continuing alliance between the US and Japan, and the broader message of international peace and democracy. Grants would be given to organizations and individuals who have contributed to these admirable goals.

Based on Prince Tokugawa’s strong connections to the visual arts and music, the theme for this foundation might also go the route of supporting children’s access to the wonderful world of music. Prince Tokugawa encouraged the sharing of Japanese music with the Western world, and brought an appreciation to Japan of music from the West.

It is believed there would be strong support for this memorial fund from a wide array of individuals and businesses who encourage the ongoing amity between the US and Japan. 

This memorial fund would give recognition to the educational / political affairs organization the San Diego World Affairs Council (SDWAC) and its national organization, the World Affairs Councils of America (WACA), the largest non-profit, non-partisan, educational/political affairs organization in the United States.

Prince Tokugawa held distinguished leading roles in many diplomatic organizations during his career, some of these organizations continue to this day. There are also other more recent Japanese and US Japan international goodwill organizations who might well have interest in assisting in the launching of a memorial fund that honors one of Japan’s great humanitarian statesmen.

Below is a growing initial list of organizations in the fields of education/diplomacy/cultural exchange, who would be contacted. 

–Japan Society of New York

–America-Japan Society headquartered in Tokyo.

–Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA

–East West Center

–Praemium Imperiale: Honors the memory of Prince Takamatsu (who was the nephew of Prince Tokugawa).

–Tokugawa Art Museum in Japan

–Tokugawa History Museum in Japan

-National Museum of American Diplomacy – A Museum in Development. Located at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., the National Museum of American Diplomacy is a public-private partnership between the State Department and the Diplomacy Center Foundation. For the first time, visitors will have a unique experience at the only museum in the United States dedicated to the subject of diplomacy. No other museum brings diplomatic history to the forefront in its exhibits; no other institution is solely dedicated to collecting the artifacts of diplomacy.

 

POSSIBLE DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS FROM THIS FOUNDATION

– 50% would on a yearly basis go to a non-profit organization such as Classics For Kids, which is an educational performing arts organization dedicated to inspire children through the experience of live music, generate creativity, academic success, and cultural understanding. Classics For Kids would oversee the Tokugawa Memorial Fund.

– The other 50% would on a yearly basis be gifted to non-profit organizations and/or individuals in recognition of their efforts to promote better international understanding, peace, and democracy. A ceremony honoring the recipients might be part of this gifting process.

For instance:

*10% might go to US Japan international goodwill organization, such as a student exchange program between Japan and the U.S.

*10% going to the World Affairs Councils of America to support their ongoing efforts to promote better international understanding.

*10% going to the San Diego World Affairs Council, a local chapter of the World Affairs Councils of America.

*10% going to the San Diego Diplomacy Council.

*10% going to a different nonprofit goodwill organization each year. Chosen by the administrators of the memorial fund.

 

Overview of some of Prince Tokugawa’s leadership positions and noble achievements

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940) was a Renaissance man, an adept diplomat and politician, who shared his passion for the arts, music, science, and nature to create cultural and political bridges between the East and the West, while also promoting mutual respect within Asia. He is was in many ways the leading diplomatic face of Japan during the first four decades of the 20th Century. Tokugawa befriended six US presidents and many other world leaders in the pursuit of peace. If not for his untimely passing in 1940, Japan would not have become an adversary of the Allies in WWII. 

However, during the aftermath of WWII, there was a joint US Japan political goal to expediently leave the war years behind them and reestablish a strong US Japan Alliance. And in that process, Prince Tokugawa’s amazing legacy has been forgotten and almost erased from history. It is hoped that by honoring the memory of this great statesman that it will result in a reduction of international tensions in Asia that are still linked to Japan’s role in WWII.

A man ahead of his time, Prince Tokugawa supported higher education and a greater voice for women in public affairs, and despite his powerful influence, he maintained his humility, often working behind the scenes, remaining unrecognized for many of his significant achievements.

Based on his adept domestic and international leadership skills, Prince Tokugawa would make a fine role model for our current leaders dealing with the urgent issues of today that require international cooperative efforts to solve. Below is a list of some of his prominent positions and accomplishments: 

–President of the Upper House of the Japanese Congress for thirty years.

–President of the Red Cross Society of Japan

–President of the Japanese Medical Association

–Took a pivotal role in establishing the  National Cherry Blossom Festival, the largest international goodwill celebration in the US Capital.

–Honorary Member of Rotary International, he was the Keynote Speaker at the 25th Anniversary of Rotary International, attended by 15,000 attendees from around the world. 

–President of the America-Japan Society

-Held many other Honorary positions with other organizations.

-Promoted the sharing/exchange of art and music, and even athletic sporting events to encourage international goodwill. 

-With the goal of preventing wars during the 1920s, Tokugawa took a leading role in the Washington Naval Conference, promoting the first international military arms limitations conference in history.

–Prince Tokugawa strove to maintain peace with China. When hostilities arose, he wished to protect innocent lives. Tokugawa led the Red Cross Society of Japan and the Red Cross International Conference to create demilitarized Safe Zones in Japanese controlled regions of China, such as in the city Shanghai. These safe havens helped save the lives of hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and tens of thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust in Europe.

 

–Lincoln Essay Contests in all Japanese public schools and public universities. Prince Tokugawa was quite aware of the discrimination that the Western powers had towards Asians during the age of colonialism and up into the first few decades of the 20th Century. Tokugawa, himself, had a British education and respected the many of the values of the Western nations. However, in order to eliminate their anti-Asian prejudices, Tokugawa guided Japan to set the example by sharing the humanitarian principle of treating others, as he would wish others to treat his fellow Asians. To achieve this, he incorporated Lincoln Essay Contests into all Japanese public schools and public universities. The goal of these writing contests was to honor the values of Abraham Lincoln in his efforts to eliminate racism against Blacks.

Prince Tokugawa honoring the university winners of the Lincoln Essay Contest during the 1920s

Photo courtesy of the Japan Society of New York.

In recognition of Prince Tokugawa’s efforts to combat racism, the below bronze sculpture was created by the Stan S. Katz, the author of Prince Tokugawa’s biography. Replicas of this sculpture will be gifted to international goodwill organizations that wish to honor the memory of Prince Tokugawa. Prince Tokugawa is shown accompanied by President Abraham Lincoln and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

 

 

 

Japan Society’s Annual Dinner event honors Prince Tokugawa – Feb. 27, 1934. This diplomatic goodwill gathering took place at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City. This photo is a segment of a much larger photo, where over 200 attendees showed their esteem for Prince Tokugawa during his visit to the US.

[Source of this rare photo: TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com website ]

 

In 1935 Prince Tokugawa invited thousands of educators from around the world to visit Japan for a one week academic conference. The goal to create a school curriculum that would encourage respectful treatment of other cultures and international peace.

 

One of Prince Tokugawa‘s closest Japanese allies in promoting international goodwill was Baron Shibusawa Eiichi (aka Baron Eiichi Shibusawa, 1840-1931).

Shibusawa was great humanitarian. He is also known as the “Father of the Japanese Modern Economy and Japanese Capitalism.”

Presented above are two of the half dozen US Presidents that Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa allied with to promote US Japan goodwill: Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. 

 

Among his many creative efforts during the 1920s and ’30s to maintain friendship between Japan and the US, Prince Tokugawa allied with US military intelligence agent Colonel Sidney Mashbir during the 1920s and ’30s.

 Colonel Sidney Mashbir (1891-1973)

For more information about the alliance between Prince Tokugawa and this US intelligence agent, below is a link to a one hour YouTube video presentation given to Osher Lifelong Education Institute – University of California San Diego – January 8th, 2020.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu45j0XoO6k&t=9s

 

DESPITE PRINCE TOKUGAWA’S MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS, HE HAS REMAINED RELATIVELY UNKNOWN, UNTIL NOW.

His biography is Available in two versions:

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY & THE ART OF PEACE

Future plans include the translation of the this biography into Japanese, and perhaps other languages.

 

PRINT & KINDLE EDITION

 

 

EXPANDED EBOOK EDITION

THE ART OF PEACE book cover presents a recently discovered photograph of Prince Tokugawa receiving an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Southern California (USC), during a special luncheon given March 19th, 1934 in Los Angeles.

The Los Angeles Times stated that this honorary degree was given to Prince Tokugawa:

“In recognition of distinguished service in international statesmanship,” and for his “support of many philanthropic and educational movements.”

In accepting the honor, Tokugawa respectfully said,

“He wished to receive this honor in the name of the Japanese people as a whole rather than as a personal distinction.”

The Los Angeles Times also stated that a banquet dinner was to be hosted that evening, by the Japan-America Society of Los Angeles, to honor Prince Tokugawa’s visit. The Governor of California and the former Mayor of Los Angeles planned to attend.

 

 

       Praise for the biography

 

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired) wrote:

“Amazing little known history. I enjoyed every chapter.”

 

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations wrote:

“I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

 

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California wrote:

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

 

Suzette Heiman, Director of Planning and Communications – The Missouri School of Journalism at University of Missouri [The first school of Journalism in the U.S.] wrote:

“We look forward to adding this biography to the School’s library collection. Your goal to reach high school and college students with this information is an ambitious – but important – goal.”

 

Toru Shigehara: Head Librarian/Information Resources Center Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation and Museum wrote:

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors. With gratitude,”

 

Bill Davison – President of the North County Chapter of the San Diego World Affairs Council wrote:

“Entertaining and Educational! This wonderful book will almost certainly broaden your perspective on US-Japanese relationships.”

 

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California wrote:

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

 

-One half of author’s profits from Prince Tokugawa’s biography will be gifted to the Tokugawa US Japan Memorial Fund.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prince Tokugawa’s illustrated biography comes in two versions: THE ART OF PEACE digital edition & the Print and Kindle edition titled: THE ART OF DIPLOMACY.

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DIGITAL EBOOK EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRINT & KINDLE EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“The Art of Peace” & “The Art of Diplomacy”

Both versions have many similarities.

“The Art of Peace,” however, has an additional 100 pages of historical notes to assist researchers.

To get a sense of the extensive historical material presented, presented below is the INDEX for “The Art of Peace” digital edition.

Note: When the letter ‘n’ follows page numbers and has a number after it – that tells you that that topic is presented within a Chapter note with that number.

AAS (American Antiquarian Society), 223

Abe, Shinzo, 580, 587–88, 600–605n25

Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Medal, 116

academic medals to Japanese students, 115

Academic WorldQuest™ (AWQ), 594n13

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 166

ACJ (American Center Japan), 484n3

Adachi, Mineichirō, 64n11, 591n5

Adrenalin®, 216n5

Aesthetic Dancers, 377

Akihito (Emperor of Japan), 269, 474, 478, 566, 568

Akihito (Empress of Japan), 566

Akitake Tokugawa Delegation, 186

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 189–191

Alger, Mrs. Russell A., 351n6

Alice in Asia The 1905 Taft Mission to Asia As told in Crowded Hours Reminiscences of Alice Roosevelt Longworth (exhibition), 37, 359, 381n3

Alice Roosevelt Longworth Collection, 382n3

Allenby, Edmund Field Marshal, 447-448

Military commander during WWI of Lawrence of Arabia

host to Crown Prince Hirohito in 1921

Allies, 21–22, 39–57, 101n3, 471

Amau, Mrs. Eiji, 341n4, 346n5

Ambrose, Edna, 351n6

America-Japan Society (AJS)

academic medals given to Japanese students, 115

American All-Stars luncheon, 406

continued today, 580

dinner honoring Garden Club, 319

Fiftieth Anniversary of Grant’s death, 114

Garden Club of America (GCA) visit, 314–356

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

Lincoln essay contest, 115–120

mission statement, 420n2

origins of, 595n14

Special Bulletin with Tokuda’s essay, 118

stone lantern gift, 174–180

American All-Star Baseball Team, 32, 405–7

American Antiquarian Society (AAS), 223

American Center Japan (ACJ), 484n3

American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger (journal), 511–15, 550–54n8

American Legation, 135n1, 483n3

American Minister to Japan, Harris, 184

American Pictorial (magazine), 67, 75–77

American pragmatism and Chinese modernization Importing the Missouri model of journalism education to modern China (Volz and Lee), 181n3

American Red Cross, 546n1

American School in Tokyo, 422

American Sports Congress, 173

American Stock Exchange, 31, 370

American Union Bank, 272

American Youth Hostel, 173

Anesaki, Masaharu, 162n5

Anglo-Japanese exposition. See Japanese-British Exhibition

Anti-Comintern Pact, 434

anti-Semitism, 508, 521, 537–39

Aoki, Setsuichi, 163n5, 343n4, 345n5, 589n1

Aoyama Funeral Hall, 498

Aoyama Gakuin University, 115

Arai, Gyoji, 344n5

Arai, Mrs. Ryoichiro, 342n4, 345n5

Arai, Mrs. Yoneo, 341n4, 345n5

Araki, Sadao, 311n8

Arc de Triomphe, 451

Arlington National Cemetery, 267, 296

Armenian genocide, 204–7, 217n8

Armenian Relief Committee of Japan, 206–7, 217n8

Armenian Weekly (magazine), 204–7, 217n8, 218n9

arms limitation treaty, 509

arms race, 67

. See also Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 359, 382n3

Asabuki, Tsunekichi, 346n5

Asahi (newspaper), 59n5, 189, 386n14, 388n16

Asano, Jinshichi, 342n4

Asano, Ryozo, 162n5, 343n4

Asayama, Tominosuke, 344n5

asbarez.com, 218n10

Ashbury Park Press (newspaper), 312n10

Ashino, Kimiko, 341n4, 347n5

Ashton, Mr. and Mrs. James M., 352n6

assassination attempt, against Yuasa, 502

Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast, 189

Austin, Mrs. J. Alex, 350n6

Avenue des Champs-Élysées, 451

Awa Maru, S.S., 374

Axis Power allies, 435

 

Babbitt, Sarah Carter, 350n6

Babkenian, Vicken, 218n10

Bacon, Augustus Octavius, 29, 30, 372

Bakumatsu Osaka Castle, 18n1

Baldwin, Mrs. Karl, 87

Balfour, Arthur James, 80, 89

Ballantine, Joseph W., 137

Baltimore News-Post (newspaper), 429

Bank of Japan, 497, 505n2

bank runs, during Great Depression, 272

Barger, Edna, 351n6

Barnes, Mrs. John S., 353n6

Barreras Jr., Antonio, 97

baseball, 32, 405–7

Baseball Hall of Fame, 407

Bates, Frances C., 353n6

Battle of Tsushima Strait (1905), 24

Bedford Garden Club, Bedford Hills, NY, 349n6

Beebe, Mr. and Mrs. Marcus, 354n8

Benes, Eduard, 62n7

benevolence (jewel regalia), 486

Bennett, Richard B., 62n7

Besange, Robert Jacquinot de, 521–22

Betty (daughter of Joseph W. Ballantine), 137

Bickel, Karl, 279

Big Nine (chief delegates), 79

Billy, Robert de, 591n5

birthday anniversary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, 464

Bismarck, Otto von 12 Black Tuesday, 12

Black Tuesday, 272

Blood Brotherhood of Japan, 501

Boardman, Mabel T., 546n1

Boardman, Mrs. William J., 546n1

Board of Tourist Industry, 408

Bohr, Nils, 468, 484n4

Bolshevik Revolution, 74, 101n3

Bone, Scott C., 306n6

Borah, William, 274

Borden, Robert, 89

Bovard, Mrs. Oliver K., 352n6

Boyd, Lizzie E., 350n6

Brandegee, Frank B., 30, 372

Briand, Aristide, 80, 89, 546n1

Brooke, John M., 18n2, 20

Brookings, Robert S., 61n7

Brooks, Brian, 177–78

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore E., 351n6

Bruce, S. M., 306n6

Buat, Edmond, 546n1

Buchanan, James, 19

Buckingham Palace, 447

Buffalo Commercial (newspaper), 103n8

Buffalo Times (newspaper), 103n9

Bulkley, Jonathan, 352n6

Bulkley, Mrs. Jonathan, 318, 320, 348n6, 352n6

Buma, Mrs. Kyoichi, 328, 347n5

Bunker, Frank F., 306n6

Burleson, Albert S., 30, 372

Burlington Free Press (newspaper), 270n1

Burnett, Charles, 119, 456, 458

Burnham, David, 350n6

Burnham, Mrs. Claude G., 350n6

Bush, Laura, 393n21

Butler, Nicholas Murray, 62n7, 167, 255–58

 

Cabell, Mrs. Henry F., 352n6

Caldwell, Barbara, 379

calligraphy, 16, 210

Canada/Japan relations, 592n8

canned interviews, 34, 371, 386n15

Cannon, Joseph Gurney, 30, 372

Carlos and Malú Alvarez Academic WorldQuest National Competition, 594n13

Carmody, Dr. and Mrs. John, 354n8

Carnegie, Andrew, 33

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 33, 61n7, 257, 258, 372

Carnegie Institute, 33, 372

Carnegie Steel Corporation, 258

Carnegie Steel Mills, 33, 372

Carnets magazine, 248n2

Carpenter, Fred W., 58n2, 381n2

Carter, Thomas H., 30, 372

caste system, 121

Catonsville Garden Club, MD, 349n6

Cattler, M. Felician, 546n1

Century Publishing, NY, 221

Chamberlain to the Imperial Court, Tokugawa, 440

cherry blossoms

gift of trees, 32, 200, 334, 357–379, 392n21, 583

historical/cultural overview, 380n1

viewing party, 130

Washington, D.C., 261, 374

Chestnut Hill Garden Club, MA, 349n6

“Chicago–1930” (Marvin), 244, 248n2

Chicago Stadium, 242

Chicago Tribune (newspaper), 386n15

Chicago World’s Fair, 312n11, 404

Chichibu (prince), 444

Chichibu Maru, M.S., 315

Chida, Hiroshi, 109

children’s orphanages, 133

Chikako, Kazu-no-Miya, wife of Shogun Iemochi, 6

Chilton, Mrs. William E., 350n6

Chinda, Iwa, 374, 392n21

Chinda, Sutemi, 200, 203, 217n6, 374

Chinese-American citizens, 25

Chinese civilians, 508, 542–44

Chinese delegation, 89

Cho, Tsugiyoshi, 484n5

Choate, Joseph H., 61n7

Choate, Mabel, 348n6, 350n6

Chrysanthemum flower, 486

Cincinnati Garden Club, OH, 349n6

civil war, in Japan, 410

Civil War, U.S., 25, 104, 107–8, 116

Clark, E. Warren, 13–15, 20n4

Claudel, Paul, 274

Clear, W. J., 458

Cleveland Garden Club, OH, 349n6

Clinton, Hillary, 392n21

Cochran, George Ira, 165, 181n1, 571

Coe, Mrs. Henry E., 349n6

Cohasset Garden Club, MA, 349n6

Cold War, 436

colonialism, 23, 74, 125, 221

Columbia Broadcasting System, 62n7

Columbia University, 167, 257

Committee for the Advancement of the Negro Race (1906), 220

Committee on World Friendship Among Children, 138

communism, 250, 414, 443–46, 470

Congress Hall by Night, Japan-British Exhibition, 37

Connecticut Valley Garden Club, 349n6

Constitution (1889), 21

Continental Hall, 78

Coolidge, Calvin, 87, 273, 274, 306n6

Coolidge, Mrs. Calvin, 546n1

Coolidge, Mrs. Harold J., 351n6

cornerstone laying dedication ceremony, 422

Cornig, Mrs. Erastus, 354n8

Costin, Alex, 548n6

Country Life magazine, 249

Court of Progress, Japan-British Exhibition, 35

Craig, Malin, 268

Crane, Mrs. Carey, 341n4

Crane, Mrs. W. C., 346n5

Cross, Mary R., 348n6, 351n6

Cummings, Hugh S., 286

Curley, James Michael, 263

 

Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd., 216n5

daimyo lords, 3

Dai Nihonshi (history book started by Mitsukuni), 598n19

Dan, Baroness Ino, 341n4, 346n5

Dan, Ino, 162n5, 343n4, 344n5, 345n5

Dan, Takuma, 490, 496, 499, 501, 505n2

dan system, 409

Darby, William L., 141, 160n2

Darrach, Mrs. William, 348n6, 350n6

Daughters of the American Revolution Memorial Hall, 73

Davis, Mrs. Livingston, 349n6

Davison, Henry P., 53, 54

Davison, Marion M., 337n3

Davison, Mrs. Chesebrough, 351n6

Dayton Garden Club, OH, 349n6

Deacon, Richard, 495

death threats and assassinations, 493–503, 505n2

Debuchi, Katsuji, 259–261, 274, 275, 426, 463–65

Debuchi, Mrs. Katsuji, 259, 261, 346n5

Debuchi, Takako, 341n4, 347n5

De Forest, J. H., 384n11

demilitarized areas. See safe zones

Den, Makoto, 344n5

Denby, Edwin, 93

Denby, Jr., Charles, 93, 94

Denby, Mrs. Charles, 546n1

Densho (educational organization), 128, 135n3

Densho Encyclopedia, 135n3

Department of Cinema, USC, 166

Depew, Chauncey, 29, 372

Dern, George H., 311n8

DeYoung, M. H., 32, 370

Dillingsworth, Lt., 458

diplomacy, 229–247

diplomatic/education events, 579–580

diplomatic mission sent by Shogun Iemochi, 6–7

disabilities, 129–133

disarmament movement. See Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

discrimination, 123–25, 139, 160n2, 384n11, 424, 509

documentary films, 267, 270n4, 524–25, 547n5

Doi, Michio, 213n2

Doi, Mitsutomo, 589n1

Dolls of Friendship: The Story of a Goodwill Project between the Children of America and Japan, 138, 160n2

Dome of the U.S. Capitol, 73

Domoto, Insho, 163n6

Domoto, Tomiko, 340n4, 347n5

Dotzler, Carl (Karl), 590n3

Doughty, Mrs. L. G., 352n6

Duchess de Rohan, 57

Dunn, James Clement, 286

DuPont, Mrs. William K., 348n6, 353n6

Durrach, Mrs. W., 318

Dyer, Brainerd, 95

Early, Stephen T., 286

East & West Meeting, 198–202

Easthampton Garden Club, NY, 349n6

Eavesdropping on Hell Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945 (Hanyok), 537–39, 549n7

Edgar Thomson Steel Mills, 33, 372

Edison, Thomas Alva, 190

Edoff, Mrs. Frank J., 352n6

Edo Inheritance, The (Tsunenari), 598n20

Education Conference, Pan-Pacific, 168–173

Education for International Co-operation, 173

Edward (King of England), 58n1

Egypt, Egyptian Museum, the National Library, Arabian Fine Arts Gallery, the Citadel, the Mosque of Mohammed, 447-448

Eisenhower, Mamie, 392n21

Eliot, Charles W., 61n7

Elliott, Mrs. Stewart, 353n6

Ely, Joseph B., 263

Emmanuel III, Victor, 22

Emperor and the Spy, The (Heifetz), 142, 455, 478, 482, 533, 545, 580

Emperor Meiji Shrine, 427

Englewood Garden Club, NJ, 349n6

English, Mrs. Robert P., 349n6

Enlai, Zhou, 545

Enomoto, Mrs. Ryuichiro, 341n4, 347n5

enthronement, 463, 486–492

Enthronement (book), 488–89

Enthronement Edition, 488–492, 504n1, 505n2

Eppley, Marion, 351n6

Escape to the Rising Sun (film), 547n5

Esperanto, 173

Espy, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, 349n6

ETA. See Suiheisha Society

Ethiopia, 508, 527–28

Eton College, 11–12

Evening Star (newspaper), 29, 59n4, 372, 387n16

Evening Sun (newspaper), 526

Exchange Club, The, 481, 485n6

Executive Committee, Exhibition Advisory Committee, 345n5

Exile Shanghai (film), 547n5

expansionism, American, 23

 

Fairchild, David, 363

Fairfield Garden Club, NY, 349n6

Family of Nations broadcast, 62n7

farm communities, 301

Farrington, Wallace R., 306n6

Father of Modern Japanese Banking and Capitalism. See Shibusawa, Eiichi

Favre, Guillaume, 520

Faymonville, P. R., 458

Feast of Peach Blossoms (Doll’s Festival), 137

Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, 160n1

feudalism, 3

Field Museum of Natural History, 267

Fife, Mrs. Robert H., 318, 320, 348n6, 351n6

Fifteen Lectures on Showa Japan, Road to the Pacific War in Recent Historiography (Kiyotada), 506n3, 580, 593n12

Finley, John Huston, 225

first ladies, U.S., 392–93n21

First National Bank, 188

Fisher, Tony, 478, 481

Fishing Boat on a Dark Night (Buson), 158

Flame of Peace, 416

Fleisher, Benjamin W., 504n1

Fleisher, Mrs. B. W., 342n4, 346n5

Foch, Marshal, 262

Fock, D., 306n6

Fontainebleau Palace, 450

Forbes, W. Cameron, 397

Force, Mrs. R. C., 352n6

Ford, Alexander Hume, 304n6, 306n6, 309n7

Foster, Charles H., 546n1

Foster, John W., 61n7

Four Counties Garden Club, PA, 349n6

Four-Power Pacific Pact, 295

Four-Power Treaty, 75–77

Franca, Jose de Francisco de Horta Machado de, 80

France-Japan House, Tokyo, 570, 591n5

Franco, Afranio De Mello, 62n7

Frasconi, Antonio, 599n24

Frazar, E. W., 240, 241, 484n5

freedom of the press, 174–180

Freer Gallery of Art, 359, 382n3

French Consulate in Tokyo, 570

French-Japanese friendship, 570

Friendship Dolls, 137

Fuji, Chief Judge, 501

Fujita, Heitaro, 342n4

Fujita, Hisanori, 475

Fujiyama, Raita, 314, 342n4

Fujiye, N., 214n2

Fukui, Genjiro, 216n5

Fukui, Kikusaburo, 162n5, 163n6, 342n4

Fukui, Mrs. Kikusaburo, 342n4

Fukushima, Mrs. Kisaji, 341n4, 346n5

funeral service for Junnosuke Inouye, 498

 

Gallagher, Mrs. J. O., 352n6

Gallinger, Jacob Harold, 29, 30, 372

Games of the XII Olympiad, 408

garden, owned by Baron Iwasaki, 327

Garden Club of America (GCA)

additional history about, 353n7

commemorative books, 333, 336

delegates and their companions list, 348–353n6

Farewell Dinner, Kyoto, 326

General Committee members photo, 330–32

gift to Japan, 378

group photo individuals list, 339–343n4

leadership positions in the General Committee for Reception, 343n5

musical pieces, America-Japan Dinner, 337n2

Nijo Palace visit, 325

Photographic Diary, 317–332, 336, 337n1, 354–56n8

reception for visitors, 318

schedule of activities for delegates, 322–23

visit to Japan, 314–356

Yagi’s garden visit, 324

Garden Club of Oranges, East Orange, NJ, 351n6

Garden of Peace, Japan-British Exhibition, 36

gardens, Japanese

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 191

created by Mr. Fujiyama, 314

Dr. Inazo Nitobe memorial, 574–78

Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese-British Exhibition, 391n17

University of British Columbia, 574–78

Garrels, Mrs. Arthur, 342n4, 346n5

Garrett, John W., 80

Geddes, Aukland, 89

Gehrig, Lou, 405

gender equality, 126

General Gordon, USS, 540–41

GEO (Global Educational Outreach), 173

George, Lloyd, 449

George V (King of England), 22, 238, 250, 448

German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, 434

Gigaku Mask, 152

Glessner, Mrs. J. G. M., 353n6

global economic depression, 230, 280, 294, 404, 441, 576

Godley, Mr. and Mrs. George McM., 352n6

Golden Gate International Exposition (1939), 412, 419

goodwill educational tour, 579

Gordon, Anna, 87

Grant, Ulysses S., 104–14

Grant Pine, 112

Grant’s Tour Around the World (Packard), 109–10

Grayson, Cary T., 528

Great Depression, 166, 250, 286, 300, 304n4

Great Falls Tribune(newspaper), 546n2

Great Kanto Earthquake, 119, 142, 437n1, 456–59, 483n3

Great White Fleet 25, 216n4

Greenwich Garden Club, CT, 350n6

Grew, Joseph Clark

American School in Tokyo dedication ceremony, 423

art exhibition assistance, 144

commemorative book, Garden Club, 333

Exhibition Advisory Committee, 162n5

feelings and compassion for Japan, 432–33

Garden Club gift reception, 378

Garden Club members photo, 330–32, 342n4

Garden Club patron, 343n5

Garden Club reception, 318

Helen Keller banquet, 130

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

International Red Cross Congress delegate, 519

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

New York World’s Fair, 414, 416

Panay Incident, 428–432

personal history in Japan, 424–28

photo with Edith Roosevelt, 427

photo with wife, Alice, 425

relationship with Tokugawa, 421–433

Royal Couple reception, 250

tea with representatives after Garden Club gift acceptance, 334

toast, America-Japan Society dinner, 320

Grew, Mrs. Joseph Clark, 318, 333, 334, 342n4, 343n5, 425, 427

Griffith, Josephine, 351n6

Griffith, Mr. and Mrs. G. M., 351n6

Guardian, The (newspaper), 452

Gulick, Sidney, 139, 160n1

 

Hafford, Lida, 87

Hagiwara, Mrs. Junko, 346n5

Haile Selassie (Emperor of Ethiopia), 528

Hairenik Weekly (magazine), 218n9

Hale, Eugene, 29, 372

Hamaguchi, Osachi, 506n3

Hamarikyu Palace, 112

hanami (cherry-tree viewing parties), 362, 380n1

hanging scrolls, 16, 18n1, 155, 210

Hanihara, Masanao, 95

Hanyok, Robert J., 537–39

Hara, Hani, 72, 510

Hara, Rinnosuke, 214n2

Hara, Ryuta, 213n2

Hara, T., 63n10

Haraguchi, Mrs. Takeo, 341n4, 347n5

Harding, Warren G., 68, 73, 81, 87, 88, 93

Harper (civilian volunteer), 458

Harris, H.T.B., 30

Harris, Paul P., 229, 237, 238, 240, 247

Harris, Townsend, 104, 135n1, 176, 184, 225, 414

Harris Treaty, 135n1, 184

Hartford Garden Club, CT, 350n6

Harvard University, 146–159, 267

Hasegawa, Manjiro, 589n1

Hashimoto, Kansetsu, 163n6

Hashimoto, Kwansetsu, 154

Hatch, Mrs. Roger Conant, 349n6

Hawaiian Star (newspaper), 215n2

Hawkinson, Lily Oyzelle, 99n1

Hayakawa, S., 64n10

Hayashi, Kiroku, 72, 130

headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 528

Hearn, Lafcadio, 132

Hearst, William Randolph, 298–300, 311n9

Heifetz, Jascha, 132, 142–43

Heiman, Suzette, 182n4

Heine, Wilhelm, 4

Hencken, Mr. and Mrs. William F., 350n6

Herald-Palladium (newspaper), 124

Herring, H.J., 95

Hibaya Park, 88

Hibiya, Heizayemon, 213n2

Hibiya Public Hall, Tokyo, 131

Hickey, Joe, 458

Hideyoshi, Toyotomi, 380n1

Hill, James Jerome, 190

Hindenburg, Paul von, 252

Hiraga, Jun, 115

Hirao, Mrs. Taro, 341n4, 347n5

Hirobumi, Ito, 21

Hirohito (Emperor of Japan)

death threats towards, 503

Dern visit to, 311n8

Enthronement, 463, 486–492

George V (King of England) and, 448-449

Grew and, 424

Keller meeting, 130

lineage of, 38

Lloyd George and, 449

MacArthur and, 474–75

mentorship of, 9, 439–453

Nagako and, 453

photo (1902), 443

photo in ceremonial robes, 487

Taisho and, 444

Tokugawa and, 289, 568

visits the Vatican, and is later thanked by a representative of the Pope Benedict XV, 446

visits with Prince of Italy Umberto II and with the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III, 446

visits Egypt, Sphinx, Pyramid of Giza, 447-448

1921-1922 travels: The Crown Prince’s European Tour by Count Yoshinori Futara & Setsuzo Sawada, 448

Hirohito, Japan’s Compassionate Emperor (Isamu), 506n3

Hirooka, Yaye, 340n4, 346n5

Hiroshima Peace Memorial, 588, 600–605n25

Hirota, Koki, 310–11n8, 414

Hisamatsu, Sen-ichi, 589n1

History of the Pan-Pacific Union, A (Hawkinson), 99n1

Hitchcock, Frank Harris, 30, 372

Hitler, Adolf, 252, 434, 509, 521

Hitotsubashi University, 188

Holbrook, Mr. and Mrs. Gerlad, 354n8

Holland Olympic Summer Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Holland Tunnel, 31, 370

Holocaust, 537–39, 549n7

Honolulu Garden Club, HI, 350n6

Honolulu Star-Bulletin (newspaper), 121, 245, 303n2, 312n11, 484n5

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Southern California, 165

Honorary Presidents of the Pan-Pacific Union, 306n6

Hooker, Adelaide F., 350n6

Hooker, Helen H., 350n6

Hooker, Mrs. Elon H., 350n6

Hoopes, Mrs. MacMillan, 353n6

Hoover, Herbert, 242, 250, 259, 274, 275, 276, 424

Hoover, Lou Henry, 259

Horikoshi, Zenjuro, 214n2

Horinouchi, Kensuke, 342n4, 344n5

Horinouchi, Mrs. Kensuke, 342n4, 345n5

Hornbeck, Stanley K., 286

Horses in a Field (Buson), 159

Hosaka, Junji, 163n6

Hosokawa, Moritatsu, 162n5, 163n6

Houghton, Mrs. Clement, 348n6

House of Peers, 91, 121, 508, 529, 572

Houston, Herbert S., 414

Houston Garden Club, TX, 350n6

Howard, Egme, 274

Howe, Mrs. George, 352n6

Hughes, Charles Evans

biographical note, 100n2

group photo, Washington Naval Conference, 68

Pan-Pacific Union and, 306n6

Washington Naval Conference and, 68–69, 80, 89, 95

Hull, Cordell and Mrs., 288

Hume, Mr. and Mrs. George E., 351n6

Huntington Wilson, Francis Mairs, 30, 372

 

Ichikawa, Beian, 157

Ichioka, Yuji, 127

Iida, J., 42

Ikeda, Seihin, 163n6

Ikematsu, Tokikazu, 347n5

Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan, 146–159, 161n4

ILO (International Labor Organization), 310n8

Imai, Gosuke, 343n4

Imamura, Mrs. Sakio, 347n5

Imamura, Sakio, 344n5

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo

America-Japan Society Dinner, 319

American All-Stars gathering, 406

Jascha Heifetz’ tour, 143

Lincoln Essay Contest, 115

luncheon honoring Mashbir, 468

postcard photo, 483n3

temporary American embassy, 456, 483n3

Imperial Household, 159, 163n6

Imperial Japanese Army, 500

Imperial Japanese Navy, 500

Imperial Regalia of Japan, 486

Inahata, Mrs. Jiro, 347n5

Independence Hall, 262

Independent (journal), 384n11

Inoue, Nissio, 501

Inoue, Saburo, 163n6

Inoue, Tatsukuro, 163n6

Inouye, Junnosuke, 490, 497, 501, 505n2

Inouye, K., 99n1

Inouye, Katsunosuke, 58n3, 382n4

Inouye, Mrs. Shin, 346n5

Inouye, Tadashiro, 468

inspection tour to Europe and America (1933), 280

Institute of World Affairs, 166

international arms limitation. See Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

International Conference on Social Work (1936), 301

international cooperation, 272–77

International Famine Relief, 89

international friendship, 141, 165, 581

international gala events, 412–19

International Labor Organization (ILO), 310n8

International Near East Relief Association, 217n8

International Olympic Committee, 408, 420n3, 569

International Red Cross Conference, 507, 519–521, 523

International Red Cross Refugee Committee, 547n4

international shuttle diplomacy, 586

International Student Exchange Programs, 571

international trade, 280, 294, 304n5, 309n8, 576

Interpretation of the Life of Viscount Shibusawa, An (Obata), 213n1, 218n12

Introduction and Eulogy for Viscount Shibusawa from Tokugawa, 211

Inukai, Tsuyoshi, 63n10, 500

invitations, 463–66

Isamu, Kanaji, 506n3

Ise, Den-ichi, 163n6

Ishibashi, Tamenosuke, 214n2

Ishihara, Zensaburo, 342n4, 344n5

Ishiwara, George, 574, 577

isolationist movement, 435

Issei (first Japanese immigrants), 127–28

Ito, Jirozaemon, 342n4

Ito, Morimatsu, 213n2

Iwahara, Kenzo, 194, 213n2

Iwahara, Taku, 409

Iwahashi, Takeo, 129

Iwamoto, Yoinosuke, 214n2

Iwasaki, Koyata, 163n6, 327

I Was an American Spy (Mashbir), 455, 483n2, 533–34

Iwashita, K. T., 59n6

Iwaya, S., 214n2

Iyenaga, Toyokichi, 219n13, 227

 

Jacquinot A Forgotten Hero (film), 548n5

Jacquinot de Besange, Robert, 547n4

Jacquinot Safe Zone Wartime Refugees in Shanghai (Ristaino), 521–22

James River Garden Club, VA, 350n6

Janklowicz-Mann, Dana, 524

Japan-America Society, 580, 595n15

Japan-British Exhibition, 386n14, 391n17

Japan Committee of the International Conference on Social Work, 301, 313n12

Japanese (Inter-Allied) WWI Victory Medal, 43

Japanese Advertiser (newspaper), 490, 504n1

Japanese Amateur Athletic Federation, 410

Japanese American National Museum, 582, 599n22

Japanese-Americans, 384n11

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japanese and the Jews, The (Kane), 511–15, 550–54n8

Japanese Art, 144–159

Japanese baseball card, 406

Japanese-British Exhibition, 35–37, 59n5, 373, 388n16

Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 188

Japanese Children’s Home (aka Shonien), 133

Japanese-Chinese conflict, 517, 521, 533–34

Japanese delegations, 386n14, 388n16

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 189–191

illustration of (1872), 107

Japanese-British Exhibition (1910), 59n5

list of, 195–96

London Naval Conference, 275

Japanese Diet Declaration (1938), 508, 536–38

Japanese Embassy, in the U.S. 5–6, 18n2, 365

Japanese Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese gardens

Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition, 189–191

created by Mr. Fujiyama, 314

Dr. Inazo Nitobe memorial, 574–78

Friendship Garden, San Diego, 583

Japanese-British Exhibition, 391n17

Japanese Government Railways, 408

Japanese Olympic Committee, 408

Japanese Olympics Committee, 569

Japanese Parliament, 68

Japanese Red Cross Hospital, 57

Japanese Red Cross of Hawaii, 245

Japanese Red Cross Society

assistance to Ethiopia, 527–28

assistance to Russia, 283

brochures, 518, 554–560n9

continuation of, 567

efforts to assist Allies during WWI, 53–54

headquarters, 528

International Red Cross Society, 507

Shibusawa and, 188

Tokugawa and, 92, 507, 516–521

Japanese-Russian relations, 295

Japanese Women’s Betterment Association, 86

Japanese Women’s Peace Movement, 86–87

Japanese WWI Victory Medal, 42

Japan Foundation, 564, 590n2

Japan Institute, 128

Japan Society, 32, 295, 370, 596n16

Japan Society newsletter, 527–28

Japan Society of New York, 278

Japan Society publication, Tokugawa’s speech to Lindberghs, 398–401

Japan Society’s Annual Dinner (1934), 32–33, 290–93

Jeanes, Mrs. Henry S., 350n6

Jenkins, Ralph, 546n1

“Jewish Question,” 509

Jewish refugees, 507–8, 525, 536, 540–41, 544–45, 547n4

Jews, 299, 507–15, 521, 525, 536, 538, 547n4

Jingye Asylum, 542

Jito (Empress of Japan), 380n1

Joan Kroc Institute of Peace and Justice, 579–580, 593n13, 594n13

John Paul Jones Memorial, 393n21

Johnson, Lady Bird, 392n21

Johnson, Mrs. Homer H., 352n6

Johnston, Mary E., 353n6

Joint Committee of Disaster Relief of Shanghai Charity Groups, 542

joint stocks, 188

journalism education, 181n3

Joya, Mock, 380n1

J-School. See Missouri School of Journalism

judo, 409, 420n3

Jusserand, Jules, 89

 

Kabayama, A., 341n4

Kabayama, Aisuke, 275, 341n4

Kabayama, Ayske, 162n5, 589n1

Kadono, Mrs. Chokiuro, 342n4, 345n5

Kadono, Tominosuke, 214n2

Kagami, Takeo, 344n5

Kagawa, Toyoshiko, 173

Kageyania, K., 53

Kahn, Otto, 142, 161n3

Kai-shek, Chiang, 209

Kaishu, Katsu

cautious approach to media, 63n8

Clark and, 20n4

Emperor Meiji and, 38

escort of Iemochi delegation, 6–7, 18n2

Hirohito and, 443

military influence on Tokugawa, 34

National Diet Library, 20n3

photo (c1890), 9

photo with Tokugawa (c1897), 13

portrait (c1860), 6

Red Cross delegation, 53

Tokugawa and, 9

Kakinuma, T., 64n10

Kamenosuke. See Tokugawa, Iyesato

Kanawha Garden Club, Charleston, WV, 350n6

Kanda, Naibu, 194, 213n2

Kane, Joseph Nathan, 511–15, 550–54n8

Kaneko, Kentaro, 87, 162n5, 215n4, 289, 595n14

Kanemitsu, Tsuneo, 163n6

Kan-in (prince), 440

Kanno, Kinnosuke, 213n2

Kano, Jigorō, 409, 420n3

Kanrin Maru warship, 6–7, 18n2

Kasumigaseki Detached Palace, Tokyo, 318

Kato, Kyohei, 343n4

Kato, Takaaki, 63n10

Kato, Tomosaburo, 69–72, 87, 95, 509, 510

Katsuda, Tetsu, 347n5

Katsura, Taro, 134, 566

Katsuta, Tetsu, 342n4

Katz Awa. See Kaishu, Katsu

Katz Awa “The Bismarck of Japan” or the Story of a Noble Life (Clark), 13–14

Kawada, Taka, 185

Kawai, Yahachi, 484n5

Kawasaki, Y., 63n10

Kawashima, Yoshiyuki, 311n8

Kazama, Mrs. Shichiei, 328, 347n5

KBS (Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai). See Society for International Cultural Relations

Kean, John, 29, 372

Keaton, Buster, 266

Keiki. See Tokugawa, Yoshinobu

Keith, Mrs. Joseph L., 353n6

Keller, Helen, 129–133, 136n5, 428

Kellogg, Frank, 274

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 273–74, 278, 303n1

Kempei Tai, A History of the Japanese Secret Service (Deacon), 495

kendo, 420n3

Kenilworth Garden Club, IL, 350n6

Keresit, Jacques, 248n2

Kikkawa, Motomitsu, 163n6

Kikuchi, Miya Sannomiya, 126–28, 135n4

Kikusawa, Suyemaro, 344n5

Kimura, A., 175, 236

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 120

King, W. L. MacKenzie, 306n6

Kingsley, Darwin P., 489–492

Kinoshita, Michio, 344n5

Kiyoo, Kawamura, 12

Kiyooka, Eiichi, 342n4

Kiyooka, Mrs. Eiichi, 347n5

Kiyose (representative of the Asahi newspaper), 388n16

Kiyotada, Tsutsui, 506n3, 593n12

Kiyotaka, Count Kuroda, 21

Kiyozumi Park, Tokyo, 334, 378

KleinSmid, Rufus Bernhard von, 166, 571

Knox, Philander Chase

1910 dinner event, 30

cherry blossom tree gift, 366

event honoring Emperor Meiji, 38

Pershing and, 38–39

portrait (c1910), 30

Sherman luncheon, 29

Shibusawa mission, 198

Tokugawa and, 372, 387n16

Kobayashi, Ichizo, 158, 163n6

Kobayashi, Mrs. Nobuko, 328, 347n5

Kodama, Kazuo, 482

Koiki, Kunizo, 214n2

Koizumi, Shinzo, 589n1

Kokusai Bunka (journal), 564

Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai (Society for International Cultural Relations), 128, 144, 327, 564

Komai, Taku, 328, 347n5

Komatsu, Mrs. Takashi, 341n4, 346n5

Komatsu, Takashi, 144, 162n5, 344n5, 345n5

Komei (Emperor of Japan), 6

Komoriya, Chicuko, 115

Komura, Jutaro, 64n11

Komuro, Mrs. Mieko, 346n5

Kondo, Baron, 64n10

Konoe, Fumimaro. See Konoye, Fumimaro

Konoye (princess), 343n5

Konoye, Atsumaro, 92

Konoye, Fumimaro

Diet opening in Tokyo (1934), 531–32

essay contest judge, 589n1

exhibition advisory committee, 162n5

Garden Club patron, 343n5

House of Peers president, 529–533

international relations promotion with son, 535

“Prince at Princeton” article, 548n6

targeted by extremists, 493

Konoye, Fumitaka, 535

Konoye, Hiro, 239

Konoye, Hiroko, 592n6

Korostovetz, Ivan Yakovlevich, 64n11

Kosaka, Kris, 102n7

Kristallnacht, 536

Kroda, Kiyoshi, 589n1

Kumagaye, Taizo, 214n2

Kun, Tsao, 306n6

Kuninomiya family, 477

Kurihama landing, 4

Kuriyama, Mrs. Shigeru, 342n4, 346n5

Kuroda, Kiyoshi, 63n10, 162n5, 343n4, 345n5

Kurusu, Jaye, 341n4, 347n5

Kurusu, Mrs. Saburo, 342n4, 346n5

Kusanagi (sword), 486

Kushida, Manzo, 64n10, 343n4, 490, 505n2

Kuwaki, Ayao, 589n1

Kyoto Imperial University, 159, 163n6

 

LaBoiteaux, Mrs. Isaac, 350n6

Ladies Committee, Garden Club, 345n5

Ladies’ Committee in Kyoto, 328, 347n5

La Guardia, Fiorello, 416

Lansdale, Mrs. Philip, 353n6

Lansing, Robert, 203

Lapham, Mr. and Mrs. Henry G., 349n6

Lasker, Bruno, 304n4

Last Refuge: The Story of Jewish Refugees in Shanghai (film), 547n5

Lawrence of Arabia, 448

League of Blood, 496, 499–500, 505, 505n2

League of Nations, 73, 281, 424

League of Nations Association of Japan, 211, 239, 294

League of Red Cross Societies, 54, 517

Leavenworth Weekly Times (newspaper), 384n6

Lee, Arthur (Lord of Fareham), 89

Lee, Chin-Chuan, 181n3

lenders of art, 1936 exhibition, 163n6

Lenox Garden Club, New York, NY, 350n6

letter from President Harding, Washington Naval Conference, 82

Lewiston Daily Sun Journal (newspaper), 263

Liberty Bell, 262

Life and Adventure in Japan (Clark), 20n4

Lighthouse organization, 129

Ligne, Albert de, 274

Lincoln, Abraham, 104–8, 120, 587

Lincoln Centennial Association, 117

Lincoln Essay Contests, 115–120, 587

Lincoln Financial Foundation, Sumiko Tokuda Collection, 119

Lincoln Memorial, 587

Lindbergh, Anne, 395–403

Lindbergh, Charles A., 394–403

lion sculptures, 177–180

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 29, 89, 372

Loehr, Gustave E., 229

London Economic Conference, 304n5

London House of Parliament (color lithograph), 565, 590n3

London Naval Conference, 251, 275, 423, 466

London Naval Treaty, 230

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 267

Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 27, 358, 381n3

Los Angeles Examiner (newspaper), 430

Los Angeles Herald (newspaper), 215n2

Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 103n9, 299

Lothrop, Mrs. W. S. H., 351n6

Lowe, Mrs. Herbert, 349n6

Lowell, Lawrence, 267

Lunete (river park), 363

 

MacArthur, Douglas, 288, 471–75

Machida, Tokunosuke, 214n2

Mack, Connie, 406

Mackay, Clarence H., 217n7

MacKenzie, N A. M. (Norman), 574, 577–78

Mackey, Harry A., 262

MacMaster, William, 194

MacVeagh, Charles, 99n1, 115, 138, 184

MacWhite, Michael, 274

Madison Square Garden, 32

Maeda, Toshitame, 163n6

Maeyama, Hisakichi, 163n6

Maki, Mrs. Kaoru, 341n4, 347n5

Makino, Nobuaki, 496

Makita, Tamaki, 163n6

Manjiro, John, 18n2

Mann, Amir, 524

Mano, B., 236

Maple Club, Tokyo, 402

Marchienne, Emile de Cartier de, 80

Mardis, J.C., 94

Martin, Mrs. J. Willis, 353n7

Martin, T. M., 458

Martino, Goacomo De, 274

Marvin, Dwight Edwards, 244, 248n2

Masaoki, Shinmi, 18n2

Mashbir, Donald, 483n2, 485n6

Mashbir, Sidney Forrester, 454–482

Allied surrender documents signing, 473

Exchange Club photo, 481

group photo (1937), 484n5

I Was an American Spy autobiography, 483n2, 484n4, 533–34

Jewish heritage, 545

keepsakes, 459–466

luncheon honoring (1937), 468

Pan Pacific luncheon, 468

Pan-Pacific Union, 309n7

personal papers discovery, 439

photo (1923), 454

Rotary member, 246

Royal Couple greeting, 250

secret private meetings, MacArthur and Hirohito, 475

Volunteer Workers American Relief in Japan, 456

Massey, W. F., 306n6

mass media, American, 298–300

Masuda, Meiroku, 114

Masuda, Takashi, 163n6

Matsubara, Yuriko, 341n4, 347n5

Matsuda, Genji, 318

Matsudaira, Mrs. Tsuneo, 179

Matsudaira, Raijyu, 529

Matsudaira, Tsunao, 72, 160n2

Matsudaira, Tsuneo, 141, 176, 179

Matsugata, Masayoshi, 58n3, 194, 382n4

Matsukata, Kojiro, 213n2

Matsukata, Mrs. Shokuma, 346n5

Matsukata, Shosaku, 164n6

Matsumiya, Mrs. Kazuya, 342n4, 347n5

Matsumura, Toshio, 214n2

Matsunaga, Yasuzaemon, 155, 164n6

Matsuura, Chinjiro, 138

Matsuyama, C., 63n10

Maus, Marion Perry, 194

Mayer, Louis B., 265

Mayer, Mrs. Louis B., 265

Mayer, Warren, 182n4

Mayezawa, N., 484n5

Mayflower, USS, 24

Mayflower Hotel, Washington DC, 288, 463, 464

Mazaki, Jinzaburo, 311n8

McArthur, Clifton, 194

McArthur, Miss (Women’s Peace Movement), 87

McCollum, A.H., 458

McCormac, Mrs. H.B., 353n6

McDowell, Mrs. William F., 87

McIntosh, Burr, 382n3

McIntyre, Marvin H., 286

McMillan, Mrs. J. William, 349n6

McNaughton, Mrs. Lynn, 354n8

McReynolds, Sam D., 286

media relations, 63n8, 298–300

medical care, 134, 566

Meiji (Emperor of Japan)

death of, 38, 374

Grant meeting, 112–13

Kaishu and, 9

mask gift, 152

medical care and, 134, 566

Meiji Restoration, 1–8, 187

photo (c1894), 9

Shibusawa and, 188

Washington and, 87

Meiji Constitution, 21

Meiji Restoration (1868), 1–8, 187

Meiji Shrine, 427

Memorial Hall of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 83

Memphis Garden Club, TX, 350n6

merchant class, 3

Metcalf, Mrs. Frederick, 352n6

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. See MGM Studios

Mexican American War, 56

MGM Studios, 265–66, 298–300, 311n9

Michigan Garden Club, MI, 350n6

Michizane, Sugawara, 156

Middleton Garden Club, CT, 351n6

Midzuno, Kokichi, 32, 58n1, 213n2, 360, 370

Mihara, Mrs. Shigekichi, 346n5

Mihara, Shigekichi, 164n6, 342n4, 344n5, 589n1

militants

arms limitation and, 74

China expansion, 434

Kaishu and, 15

Nazi alliance, 521

Olympic bid and, 410–12

Panay Incident, 428

Tokugawa against, 517

Tokugawa and, 283

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24

Tripartite Pact, 435

violence, 486–501

Washington Naval Conference and, 100n3

Millbrook Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

Million Dollar Train, 190

Milton Garden Club, Milton, MA, 351n6

Minami, Takajiro, 213n2

Minnesota (ship), 189

Miroku Bosatsu sculpture, 154

Mishima, Mrs. Hajime, 341n4, 346n5

Missouri, USS, 473

Missouri model of journalism education, 181n3

Missouri School of Journalism, 174–180

Mitchell, Edward A., 546n1

Mito Tokugawa family, 597n19

Mitsubishi Bank, 505n2

Mitsui, Mrs. Benzo, 341n4, 346n5

Mitsui, Mrs. Takaatsu, 342n4, 347n5

Mitsui Financial Group, 499, 505

Miura, Hajime, 341n4

Miwa, Mrs. Zembei, 341n4

Miwa, Zembei, 341n4

Miya, Mataichi, 342n4, 345n5

Miyaga, Michio, 131

Miyajima, Mikinosuke, 589n1

Miyaoka, Mrs. Tsunejiro, 341n4, 346n5

Mizoguchi, Munchiko, 162n5

Mizoguchi, Teijiro, 164n6

Mizuno, Kokichi, 32, 370

Mizuno, Mrs. Kyosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Mizuno, Toshikata, 259

Monadnock Garden Club, Boston, MA, 351n6

Money, Hernando, 29, 372

Montague, Mrs. Gilbert, 351n6

Morgan, Mrs. James F., 350n6

Morgan, Mrs. Randal, 353n6

Morgenthau, Henry, 204

Mori, Kanosuke, 577–78

Morimura, Baroness Ichizaemon, 346n5

Morimura, Ichizaemon, 344n5

Morinja, Miss (Women’s Peace Movement), 87

Morris, Roland S., 293

Moss, Robert F., 458, 484n5

Motley, Mrs. George, 352n6

Motono, Ichiro, 63n10

Mt. Desert Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

Mt Sterling Advocate (newspaper), 384n10

Mt. Vernon, VA, 267, 371, 387n16

Mukojima Park, 362, 383n5

Muller, Mrs. J., 347n5

Murakoshi, Kuniyasu, 321

Murayama, Nagataka, 164n6

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 144, 582, 598n21

music, Tokugawa’s passion for, 142

musical pieces performed, America-Japan Dinner event (1935), 337n2

Mussolini, Benito, 434, 528

Muto, Kinta, 164n6

 

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 220

Nagai, Asako, 341n4, 347n5

Nagai, Matsuzo, 589n1

Nagai, Mrs. Matsuzo, 342n4, 346n5

Nagai, Setsuko, 340n4, 347n5

Nagako, Empress, 130, 440–41, 453, 476–78, 520

Nagako Empress of Japan (Koyama), 476–78

Nagashima, Yoshiharu, 344n5

Nagata, Hidejiro, 397, 403

Nagel, Charles, 30, 372

Nagoya Castle, 407

Nagoya Museum of Fine Arts, 582, 598n21

Naito, Y., 53

NAJAS (National Association of Japan-America Societies), 595n15

Nakabashi, Tokugoro, 213n2

Nakamura, Teru, 342n4

Nakamura, Teruko, 347n5

Nakanishi, Rokusaburo, 68

Nakano, Buei, 63n10, 194, 213n2

Nassau Weekly (newspaper), 548n6

National Aspirations speech, 231–36

National Association of Japan-America Societies (NAJAS), 595n15

National Cherry Blossom Festival, 374, 379, 392n21

National Conference of State Societies’ Princess Program, 392n21

National Council of Churches, 160n1

National Diet Library, 20n3

National Security Agency (NSA) publication, 536

National Student Committee for the Limitation of Armaments, 93–95

National Tribune (newspaper), 384n7

Navohoff, 64n11

Nazi Germany, 434, 521, 525

Nedzu, Kaichiro, 213n2

Neill, John W., 574, 577–78

Netherlands, Olympic Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Neville, Edwin L., 311n8

Neville, Mrs. Edwin L., 342n4, 346n5

New Canaan Garden Club, CT, 351n6

New Deal Administration, 286

Newport Garden Club, New York, NY, 351n6

New Republic (magazine), 226

Newsom, M. Eugene, 240

New York Daily Tribune (newspaper), 26, 31, 367–69

New York Times (newspaper)

Columbia University visit, Tokugawa, 167

Dern and U.S.-Japan relations, 311n8

dinner honoring Tokugawa by Saito, 288

Garden Club gift to Japan, 334

Hirota meeting Roosevelt in Hawaii, 310n8

Hughes article, 100n2

international trade, Japan, 309n8

invitation to Roosevelt to visit Japan, 287

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japan Society dinner, 293–94

Japan’s Olympics bid (1940), 410

Keller article, 130, 136n5

Lawrenceville, NJ visit, 530

Lindberghs’ reception, 396

luncheon given by Roosevelt for Tokugawa, 392n20

New York City visit, Tokugawa, 278–79

New York World’s Fair, 414

Nippon Club luncheon, 287–88

Oshima and Olympics, 410

photo, Tokugawa addressing Rotarian Convention, 231

Roosevelt luncheon for Tokugawa, 288

Roosevelt on Japan in WWI, 55

Taft on U.S.-Japan relations, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa and extremists, 493

Tokugawa arrival (1910), 442

Tokugawa’s death, 563

Tokugawa’s health, 562

Tokugawa’s radio address, 281–83

Washington Naval Conference, 70, 101n4

Wilson meets Shibusawa article, 203

New York Tribune (newspaper), 59n5, 386n14

New York World’s Fair (1939), 412

Nezu, Kaichiro, 153, 156, 164n6

Niagara, USS, 20n2

Nichibei Shimbun (newspaper), 127

Nicholas, Elizabeth, 352n6

Nicholas II (Emperor of Russia), 24

Nichols, Mrs. Joseph Longworth, 353n6

Niiro, Chunosuke, 164n6

Niiya, Brian, 128, 135n3

Nijo Palace, Kyoto, 325

Ninagawa, Arata, 53, 54–55

Nippon Club, 217n5, 287–88

Nippon Youth Assembly Hall, 137

Nishi, Mrs. Haruhiko, 342n4, 346n5

Nishida, Mrs. Ikutaro, 328, 347n5

Nishida, Rihachi, 347n5

Nishiike, Naruyoshi, 214n2

Nishimura, Ayako, 341n4, 347n5

Nishimura, Jihei, 213n2

Nishimura, Mrs. Kiyoshi, 342n4, 346n5

Nishimura, Shotaro, 216n5

Nishiwaki, Kenji, 164n6

Nitobe, Inazo, 280–81, 574–78, 593n10

Nixon, Richard, 545

Noanett Garden Club, Milton, MA, 351n6

Nobel Peace Prize, 34, 62n7, 66n11, 209

Nomura, Kichisaburō, 421

Nomura, Mrs. Yozo, 341n4

Nomura, Yozo, 345n5

Norimasa, Muragaki, 18n2

North Shore Garden Club, Boston, MA, 351n6

North to the Orient (A. Lindbergh), 403

NSA (National Security Agency) publication, 536

Numano, Y., 213n2

 

Oakland Tribune (newspaper), 520

Obama, Barack, 587–88, 600–605n25

Obama, Michelle, 393n21

Obata, Kyugoro, 213n1, 218n12

obituary announcement, Tokugawa, 590n4

O’Brien, Thomas J., 58n3, 382n4

Office of Public Buildings and Grounds (OPBG), 362–64

Official Welcoming Ceremony for American Friendship Dolls, 137–141

Ogden Standard (newspaper), 215n2

Ohama, Mrs. Tadakazu, 347n5

Ohashi, S., 64n10

Ohashi, Shintaro, 164n6

Ohtani, Kahei, 213n2

Oiwa, Isao, 342n4

Oiwa, Mrs. Isao, 342n4

Okabe, Nagakage, 341n4, 344n5, 589n1

Okabe, Viscountess Nagakage, 346n5

Okada, Ken-ichi, 318, 344n5

Okada, Ryuichi, 343n4

Okahashi, Jisuke, 164n6

Okamoto, Mrs. Suemasa, 341n4, 346n5

Okazaki , Masaya, 164n6

Okura, Kishichiro, 64n10, 164n6

Oliver, John D., 306n6

Olympics

Amsterdam Games (1928), 570, 591n5

Nagano Games (1998), 569

Organizing Committee, 410

Sapporo Games (1972), 569

Tokyo Games (1940), 173, 408–12, 569

Tokyo Games (1964), 569

Onishi, Ichiro, 344n5

Ono, Hideko, 347n5

Ooi, Bokusin, 213n2

Ooka, I., 63n10

OPBG (Office of Public Buildings and Grounds), 362–64

Opening of Japan, 3

Oregon Statesman Journal (newspaper), 311n9

Orlando Sentinel (newspaper), 420n1

Osawa, Mrs. Tokutaro, 328, 347n5

Osawa, Tokutaro, 344n5, 346n5, 347n5

Oshima, Matahiko, 410

Osumi, Mineo, 421

Otani, K., 63n10

Otchiai, Kentaro, 64n11

Otsuka, Tsunekichi, 347n5

Outlook, The (magazine), 91–92

overpopulation, 438n6

Owen, Sydney, 215n3

Oyama, Iwao, 58n3, 382n4

Ozaki, Shinaye, 341n4, 347n5

Ozaki, Yei Theodora, 373, 391n18

Ozaki, Yukika, 340n4, 347n5

Ozaki, Yukio, 26, 32, 100n3, 367–370, 373, 385n12

Ozawa, K., 300

 

Pacific Conference, 304n4

Packard, J.F., 108

Pageant of the Ages performance, 326

Palmer, Frederick, 58n2, 381n2

Panama Railway, 19

Panay Incident, 428–432

Pan Pacific Educational Conference, 168–173

Pan Pacific luncheon, 468

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1, 287, 304n6

Pan-Pacific University, 245

Paris World Exposition (1867), 187

Park, Maude Wood, 87

Parliament of Great Britain, 565

Parsell, Diana, 383n5

Pasadena Garden Club, Pasadena, CA, 351n6

Paul, Mrs. Theodore S., 351n6

Payne, John Barton, 286, 507, 519, 520, 546n1

Payne, Sereno E., 30, 372

Pearce, G.F., 89

Pearl Harbor, 56, 424, 436

Pendleton, Ellen Fitz, 267

Pennsylvania Avenue, 260, 389

Pepper, Mrs. Franklin, 351n6

Perkins, George Walbridge, 217n7

Perry, James DeWolf, 4, 293

Perry, Matthew C., 3–4, 334, 424

Perry, Matthew C. 3, 100n3

Perry, Oliver Hazard, 334, 424

Pershing, John Joseph, 38–39, 374

Phelps, Eleanor, 94

Philadelphia Garden Club, PA, 351n6

Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), 63n9, 270n3

Phillips, William, 286

Phoenix image, 504n1

Photographic Diary of the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Japan, at the Invitation of Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, May 13 to June, 1935, 317–332, 337n1

Photographic Diary of the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Japan at the Invitation of His Excellency Shigeru Yoshida May 10th to May 23rd 1961, 336, 354n8, 355–56n8

Piedmont Garden Club, Piedmont, CA, 352n6

Pierre hotel, 278, 303n3

Piscataqua Garden Club, MI, 351n6

Pittman, Key, 286

Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, 33, 372

Pittsburgh Press (newspaper), 59n6

Place to Save Your Life, A (film), 548n5

Plancon, Georges, 64n11

Platt, Mrs. Charles III, 351n6

Poincare, Raymond, 22

politics, American, 27, 371

Pond, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel, 353n6

Population Connection, 438n6

population stabilization, 438n6

Portland Garden Club, Portland, OR, 352n6

Port of Last Resort: Zuflucht in Shanghai (film), 548n5

Portrait of Tokugawa Ieyasu (painting), 18n1

Portsmouth Peace Conference, 87

Potomac Park, 363, 374

Potomac Tidal Basin, 374, 393n21

Powhatan, USS, 19

Presidio military base, 268

Prince at Princeton, A (Costin), 548n6

Pritchett, Henry S., 62n7

Prittwitz, Freiderich von, 274

Privy Seal (Gyoji), 502–3, 506n4

Problems of the Pacific, 1933 economic conflict and control proceedings of the fifth conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations (Lasker and Holland), 304n4

Proclamation of the Japanese Constitution, 21

Proctor, Mrs. William Cooper, 349n6

Prologue magazine, 437n2

Public Broadcasting Service, 143

Putnam, Mrs. Henry St. Clair, 353n6

 

Queen of the 1937 Cherry Blossom Festival, 379

Quezon, Manuel, 288

 

racism, 25, 115, 120, 434, 509

radio broadcasts, 62n7, 281–83, 286, 471, 520, 586

Radio City Music Hall, 282

Rama VI (king of Siam), 306n6

Reception Committee in Kyoto, Garden Club, 347n5

Reception Committee Junior, Garden Club, 346n5

Reception Committee Senior, Garden Club, 346n5

Red Crescent Societies, 517

Red Cross, American, 119, 546n1

Red Cross, Japanese. See Japanese Red Cross Society

Red Cross, worldwide, 89

Red Cross Conference, International, 507

Red Cross Hospital, Japanese, 57

Red Cross of Hawaii, 245

Remembering Ulysses S. Grant’s visit to Japan (Chida), 109

Reno Gazette-Journal (newspaper), 303n2

Report on the Visit of the Garden Club of America to Honolulu Japan and China in the Spring of 1935 (Davison), 337n3

Reznikoff, John, 505n2

Richards, Mrs. Theodore W., 546n1

Ridgefield Garden Club, Ridgefield, CT, 352n6

Riegel, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Dewitt, 349n6

Righteous Among Nations Award, 541

Righter, Jane, 350n6

Rike, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H., 349n6

Ristaino, Marcia R., 521, 547n3, 547n4

Roanoke, USS, 19

Robinson, Joseph T., 286

Rochester Garden Club, Rochester, NY, 352n6

Rockefeller Center, 128

Rogers, Mrs. Fred F., 341n4, 346n5

Rogers, Will, 238

Roosevelt, Alice, 27, 358, 381n3

Roosevelt, Edith, 427

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 286

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

good-neighbor policy, 311n8

Hirota meeting in Honolulu, 310n8

International Red Cross Conference, 520

Keller and, 130

Konoye and, 530, 535

opening speech, World’s Fair, 415

portrait, 284

relationship with Tokugawa, 284–88, 360

Tokugawa visit (1934), 286–88, 376

University of Southern California and, 166, 571

World Fair invitations, 414

Roosevelt, Henry L., 288

Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, 288, 376

Roosevelt, Theodore

discrimination in California legislation, 384n11

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

photograph (1909) with his daughter Alice, 37

photograph of, 55

postcard linked to Russo-Japanese War, 24

relationship with Tokugawa, 358

Rotary quote, 237

Russo-Japanese War, 215n4

Shibusawa delegation, 198–202

Statement on Japan in WWI, 55–56

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24, 64n11

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. (Colonel), 217n7, 287, 376, 427

Root, Elihu, 29, 34, 62n7, 89, 258, 372

Rosen, Roman von, 64n11

Ross, Phyllis Gregory, 574, 593n9

ROTARIAN magazine, 239

Rotary Club of Tokyo, 240

Rotary International, 229–247

25th Anniversary Convention, 229, 242

50th Anniversary Celebration (1955), 246

commemorative stamp, 247, 248n3

Conference (1930), 229–241, 244

Rotary Peace Centers, 247, 248n4

Roth, Almon E., 238

Rothschild, John, 94

Round Eyes in the Middle Kingdom (film), 548n5

Rowe, L.S., 306n6

Royal Geographical Society of London, 590n4

Ruhm, Mrs. Herman, 354n8

Russell, Lindsay, 32, 370

Russell, Mrs. James S., 318, 351n6

Russo-Japanese War, 24, 65n11, 87, 198, 215n4

Ruth, George “Babe,” 405–7

Rye Garden Club, Greenwich, Rye, NY, 352n6

 

‘Safe Zones,’ 507, 519, 521–23, 540–45, 547n4, 586

Sagers, John, 215n3

Sago (Emperor of Japan), 380n1

Saionji (prince), 496

Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, 134, 566

Saito, Hiroshi, 162n5, 275, 288, 310n8, 379, 535

Saito, Masako, 379

Saito, Miyoko, 288

Saito, Mrs. Soichi, 340n4, 346n5

Saito, Sakiko, 379

Sakaguchi, Heibei, 214n2

Sakano, Mrs. Tsuneyoshi, 342n4, 346n5

Sakatani, Yoshiro, 63n10, 184, 345n5

Sakonji, Seizo, 275

sakura. See cherry blossoms

Salmond, Sir John, 89

samurai, 3

Sand Hills Garden Club, Augusta, GA, 352n6

San Diego Japanese Friendship Garden, 583, 599n23

San Diego Jewish Journal, Holocaust Remembrance Edition, 545

San Diego World Affairs Council (SDWAC), 579–580, 593n13

San Francisco Call (newspaper), 58n1, 214n2

San Francisco Chronicle (newspaper), 215n2

Sankyo Company, Ltd., 216n5

Sarraut, Albert, 89

Sastri, Srinivasa, 89, 546n1

Satake, Sakutaro, 213n2

Sato, I., 42

Sato, Naotake, 64n11

Satow, Mr. and Mrs. Toshito, 266

Savamura, S., 53

Sawada, Mrs. Setsuzo, 341n4, 346n5

Schanzer, Carlo, 80, 546n1

Schiele, Sylvester, 229

Schiff, Jacob Henry, 222

School of International Relations, 166

Schroeder, Seaton, 546n1

Scidmore, Eliza Ruhamah, 362–64, 383n5

Scott, Byron, 178

Scott, Mrs. Arthur Hoyt, 335, 349n6

scroll paintings, 16, 18n1, 155–56, 210

SDWAC (San Diego World Affairs Council), 579–580, 593n13

Seattle Chamber of Commerce, 189, 191

Seattle Garden Club, Seattle, WA, 352n6

Seattle Times (newspaper), 120

secret meetings, 474

Secret Missions: The Story of an Intelligence Officer (Zacharias), 270n2

Seitz, Don Carlos, 223, 224

Seko, Konosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Seko, Mineko, 341n4, 347n5

Seko, Yasuji, 236

Sellers, Mrs. Howard, 350n6

Sellers, Mrs. William F., 353n6

Senate, Tokugawa visit, 27

Sengoku, Masayuki de, 29, 59n6, 372, 386n15

Sewall, Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland, 350n6

Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Cleveland, OH, 352n6

Shanghai Ghetto (film), 524–25, 548n5

Sharp, Mrs. W. B., 350n6

Shaw, Albert, 223

Sherman, James Schoolcraft, 29, 38, 372, 387n16

Sherry’s Hotel, New York, 199–202

Shibusawa, Baroness, 189

Shibusawa, Eiichi

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition trip photo, 189–191

Armenian Weekly article photo, 204–7

banquet honoring (1915), 219n13

biography, 211, 218n12

Chiang Kai-shek and, 209

Col. Roosevelt luncheon, 217n7

as delegate, 27, 213n2, 360

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

Friendship Dolls event, 138

Grant greeting, 108

hanging scroll with calligraphy, 210

Harris and, 229

Harris monument unveiling photo, 184

Honorary Vice-President of Pan-Pacific Union, 306n6

letter from, 208

Memorial Foundation and Museum, 218n11, 581, 597n17

monument built for Grant, 114

photo with Taka Kawada, 185

portrait during Europe tour, 187

portrait photo alongside photo of Tokugawa, 183

relationship with Tokugawa, 34, 183–88

signer of letter linked to Enthronement Edition, 490

sympathy booklet, 63n10

toast at Portland, Oregon reception banquet, 194

Wilson meeting, 203

Shibusawa delegation (1909), 213n2

Shibusawa Memorial Foundation and Museum, 209, 218n11, 581, 597n17

Shidehara, Kijuro

anniversary salutations of Washington Naval Conference, 95

biographical note, 101n5

delegates embarking, 71

group photo, Washington Naval Conference, 68

Jewish magazine interview, 515

signer of letter linked to Enthronement Edition, 490, 505n2

U.S. State Department visit, 72, 510

Washington Naval Conference, 87

Shidura, Baron (possibly Shidehara), 386n15

Shimada, S., 63n10

Shimanouchi, Henry Toshiro, 128

Shimmura, Izuru, 589n1

Shimoda, S., 63n10

Shimomura, Mrs. Sen, 157, 164n6

Shimpei, Goto, 490, 505n2

Shinjuku Imperial Gardens, 130

Shinto shrine, 2

Shiobara, Matasaku, 216n5

Shiohara, Mrs. Matasaku, 341n4

Shirasu, Mrs. Jiro, 340n4, 346n5

Shitara, H., 59n6

shogun rule, 3–4

Shōhō Kaishō stock company, 188

Shonien (Japanese Children’s Home), 133

Shōnii, Second Honour (ritsuryō rank), 188

Shorey, Hiram E., 229

Showa (Enlightened Peace), 453, 486

Shrewsbury Castle, 251

Shubert-Garrick Theater, 89, 546n1

Shuster, William Morgan, 219n13, 221

Simon, Joseph, 194

Simon, Sir John, 62n7, 565

Sino-Japanese War, 23, 65n11

Smith, Mrs. Benjamin Hodges, 350n6

Snyder, Frederic, 173

Society for International Cultural Relations (Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai), 128, 144, 314, 327, 564, 589n1

Soeda, J., 63n10

Sohda, Kinsaku, 213n2

Soldiers of Justice and Right postcard, 44

Southgate, Richard, 259

Southside Garden Club of Long Island, New York, NY, 352n6

Soviet-Chinese Nonaggression Treaty, 434

Soyejima, Michimasa, 409

Spalding, Dora N., 351n6

Spanish-American War, 23, 74, 430

Special Bulletin, America-Japan Society, 118

Spirit of St. Louis, The (monoplane), 394

Spoerri, J. Fuller, 95

Stalin, Joseph, 435

Stars and Stripes magazine, 109

State Seal of Japan (Kokuji), 502–3, 506n4

Stead, William Thomas, 223

Stimson, Henry L., 274

St. Louis Garden Club, St. Louis, MO, 352n6

Stoessinger, John George, 544–45

Stokowski, Leopold, 142

Stone, Jr., Charles B., 268

stone lantern sculpture, 174–180

Stout, Mrs. C. Frederick C., 353n6

Straight, Willard Dickerman, 219n13, 226

Sturges, Mrs. Clarence B., 348n6

Sugi, Eizaburo, 162n5

Sugihara, Chiune, 541, 544–45

Sugita, Tei-Ichi, 58n3, 381n2

Suiheisha Society, 121–25

Sullivan, Ann, 133

Sumitomo, Kichizaemon, 164n6

Sumiyoshi, Kawamura, 442

Summit Garden Club, Summit, NJ, 352n6

Sunday Star (newspaper), 392n19

Suzuki, Mrs. K., 346n5

Suzuki, Shuji, 343n4

Suzuki, Umetaro, 216n5

Suzuki violin learning system, 591n5

Swartley, Mr. and Mrs. John, 354n8

Sze, Alfred Saoke, 79, 80

 

table medals, 42

Tacoma Garden Club, Tacoma, WA, 352n6

Tadamasa, Oguri, 18n2

Tadao, Yamakawa, 275

Taft, Helen “Nellie” Herron, 361–64, 374, 392n21

Taft, Henry W., 281, 293

Taft, Mrs. Henry W., 281

Taft, William Howard

Asia voyage photo, 359

East & West Meeting photo, 198–202

Inauguration photo, 28

photo with Helen Taft, 361

Prince Tokugawa and, 371, 387n16

Red Cross meeting, 546n1

Shibusawa delegation, 190, 198

speaking at diplomatic event, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa and, 27

travels as Secretary of War, 358–360, 382n4

Taisho (Emperor of Japan), 22, 24, 38, 289, 444, 486

Tait, David, 458

Tajima, Mrs. Shigeji, 341n4, 346n5

Takagi, Fujiko, 341n4, 347n5

Takahira, Kogoro, 64n11

Takaishi, S., 214n2

Takaku, Jinnosuke, 345n5

Takamatsu, Kikuko

Akihito and, 269

Berlin luncheon, 252

Country Life ceremonial clothing photo, 249

Detroit, Michigan arrival, 264–65

England welcome, 251

Executive Palace, Germany visit, 252

Garden Party, 318

Liberty Bell photo, 262

MGM Studios visit, 265–66

New York welcome, 253–58

Presidio military base visit, 268

Washington, D.C. welcome, 259–261

Takamatsu, Nobuhito

Berlin luncheon, 252

Butler tour, 167

Country Life ceremonial clothing photo, 249

Detroit, Michigan arrival, 264–65

England welcome, 251

essay contest judge, 589n1

Executive Palace, Germany visit, 252

Garden Party, 318

International Goodwill Tour, 249–269

lender of art, 1936 exhibition, 163n6

Liberty Bell photo, 262

Mashbir 1930 reception, 465

MGM Studios visit, 265–66

New York welcome, 253–58

Presidio military base visit, 268

Washington, D.C. welcome, 259–261

Takamine, Jokichi

anti-discrimination statement, 384n11

biographical note, 216n5

cherry blossom tree gift, 364

East & West Meeting photo, 200

Japan Society luncheon, 32, 370

photo (c1912), 365

Shibusawa dinner (1915), 219n13

Takao, Toru, 72

Takarabe, Takeshi, 275

Takatsuji, Narazo, 214n2

Takeda, Enji, 163n5

Takeda, Yenji, 343n4, 345n5

Taki, Kumejiro, 214n2

Taki, Takichi, 343n4

Tale of the Genji (Shikibu), 598n19

Tamamushi Shrine, 153

Tamura, R. Tsuyoshi, 345n5

Tamura, Shinkichi, 214n2

Tamura, Tetsusuke, 341n4

Tamura, Tsuyoshi, 341n4

Tanabe, Muneo, 574, 577

Tanaka C. Photo Studio, 131

Tanaka, Giichi, 490, 505n2

Tanaka, Hozumi, 589n1

Tanaka, Kotaro, 589n1

Tanaka, T., 213n2

Tanakadate, Aikitu, 169

Tan’yū, Kano, 18n1

Tauruta, Eiko, 115

Taylor, Montgomery, 421

Teat, Admiral, 546n1

Temperance movement, 102n7

Temperance Society, 92

Temple of Kunozan, 2

Ten Years in Japan (Grew), 130, 426

Terada, Jinkichi, 164n6

Terada, S., 64n10

Terauchi, Hisaichi, 63n10

Terry, Mrs. James, 350n6

Tetsudo Hotel, Tokyo, 409

The Gardeners, Pennsylvania, 350n6

This Rotarian Age (Harris), 237

Thomas, Mrs. James R., 350n6

Thomson, Polly, 129

Three Sacred Treasures of Japan, 486

ticker tape parade for Lindbergh, 394

Time Magazine, 277

Time Magazine 144, 143, 238

Times, The (London), 386n13, 390n17

Tingkan, Tsai, 89

Tison, Alexander, 278

Toda, Yashichi, 164n6

Togasaki, Kiyoshi, 345n5

Togo, Baroness Yasushi, 341n4, 346n5

Togo, Mrs. Shigenori, 341n4, 346n5

Tokuda, Sumiko, 117–19

Tokugawa, Hope, 288

Tokugawa, Iemochi, 5–7, 104–5

Tokugawa, Ieyasu, 1, 2, 18n1, 597n19

Tokugawa, Iyemasa

Armenian Genocide and, 206–7

biographical note, 592n7

commemorative bronze plaque, 583

Dedication for Japanese Garden, 574–78

dinner honored by Ambassador Saito, 288

diplomatic positions, 70

Fiftieth anniversary photograph, 572

fire-bomb of Prince Tokugawa’s home, 494

Hearst meeting, 298–300

honorary degree from University of British Columbia, 592n8

inspection tour to Europe and America, 280

International Conference on Social Work, Japan Committee, 301

Japanese Red Cross delegation, 53

Lawrenceville, New Jersey visit, 530

observing father receiving honorary degree, 165

official dress photo (1929), 573

photograph with Shibusawa, 184

radio broadcaster, 283

Royal Couple greeting, 264–65

send off luncheon for Prince Tokugawa, 576

Tsunenari Tokugawa and, 598n20

Tokugawa, Iyesato

affinity for the West, 11–12

American Pictorial delegation announcement, 67

American Red Cross meeting, 546n1

American School in Tokyo dedication ceremony, 422

arrival announcement, visit 1910, 26

art/cultural exhibits, 582

art exhibition brought West, 144–159

autographed card, 97–98

baseball and, 405–7

canned interviews, 386n15

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 258

cautious approach to media, 34, 63n8

cherry blossom tree gift, 366–370

Chicago and Pittsburgh visit, 33–34

Chicago World’s Fair, 404

Clark and, 20n4

condolence booklet to Allies, 45–52

constitution anniversary postcard, 21

delegates embarking, 71

delivering dedication to Grant at Ueno Park, 114

Diet Declaration (1938), 536–38

diplomatic tour (1933-34), 375

Enthronement Edition, 490

exhibition advisory committee, 162n5

Fiftieth Anniversary photo, 572

Friendship Dolls Ceremony, 137

  1. Roosevelt and, 284

Garden Club of America, 314–336, 342n4, 343n5

Grew and, 421–433

group photo (1937), 484n5

Harris and, 240

Harris monument unveiling photo, 184

Hawaiian reception, 245

Hearst meeting, 298–300

Hearst meeting at MGM, 311n9

Hirohito and, 476

Hirohito visit, 441, 568

Honolulu visit, 312n11

honorary degree from USC, 165, 571

honoring Montgomery Taylor, 421

Hoover and, 276

House of Peers selection, 529–533

human rights and, 104, 121–25

inspection tour to Europe and America (1933), 280

international shuttle diplomacy, 586

introduction/eulogy for Shibusawa, 211

Japanese-American Student Congress, 173

Japanese Red Cross Society and, 516–521

Japan Society of New York 1934 visit, 290–93

Jewish refugees and, 507–15

Kaishu and, 9, 13–15

Keller reception committee, 130

legacy events, 579–580

Lincoln Centenary Essay Contest, 115–120

Lincoln Essay Contests, 587

Lindbergh recognition, 355–407

lineage of, 1

luncheon given by Roosevelt, 286

Mashbir’s invitation response, 459

militants and, 493–503

music passion, 142

Nagako and, 440

Newsom and, 240

New York visits, 31–33, 367–370

New York World’s Fair, 414

Olympic bid (1940), 408–12

Olympic Games and, 569

orphanage visit, 133

painting (c1877), 12

Panay Incident, 428–432

Pan Pacific Educational Conference opening address, 169

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1, 306n6, 309n7

Payne meeting photo, 507

photo (1934), 483n1

photo with wife and children (1918), 572

Pittsburgh visit, 59n6

portrait (c1867), 5

portrait (c1894), 17

portrait photo (1921), 90, 561

portrait photo alongside photo of Shibusawa, 183

Prince of Peace description, 526

promoting peace today, 581–82

radio broadcasts, 62n7, 520

Rotarian Age quote, 237

ROTARIAN magazine article, 239

Rotary International Conference, 229–241

Royal Couple reception, 249–250

safe zones and, 521–23

Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation and, 134, 566

send-off luncheon, 576

Shibusawa and, 183–88, 581

signer of Washington Naval Conference, 89

supporting Suiheisha members, 122

sympathy booklet, 63n10

Taft diplomatic event, 58n3, 382n4

tea with representatives after Garden Club gift acceptance, 334

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 296–97

Tomosaburo and, 69

U.S. State Department visit, 72, 510

visit to U.S. (1910), 26–37, 366–373

visit to U.S. (1930), 276–79

Washington, D.C. visit, 27, 371–72, 386n13

Washington Naval Conference and, 67–98

Western view of, 91–92

women’s rights and, 126–28

World Federation of Education Association, 168

yellow peril and, 63n9

Yoshinobu and, 17

youth and guidance, 5–8

Tokugawa, Kazu, 167, 441, 483n1, 568

Tokugawa, Kikuko. See Takamatsu, Kikuko

Tokugawa, Kuniyuki, 597n19

Tokugawa, Marchioness Yorisada, 318, 332, 342n4, 345n5

Tokugawa, Marquis, 318

Tokugawa, Marquises Yorisada, 591n5

Tokugawa, Mitsukuni, 597n19

Tokugawa, Muneyoshi, 164n6

Tokugawa, Toyo, 281, 297, 300

Tokugawa, Tsunenari, 592n7, 598n20

Tokugawa, Yorifusa, 597n19

Tokugawa, Yorisada, 332, 342n4, 343n5, 589n1, 591n5

Tokugawa, Yoshichika, 164n6

Tokugawa, Yoshinobu

cautious approach to media, 63n8

Clark and, 20n4

guiding role with Iyesato, 17

Kamenosuke adoption, 5

photograph, 186

portrait (c1867), 5

portrait with Iyesato, 17

Princess Takamatsu and, 250

Shibusawa and, 185–87

Tokugawa Art Museum, 17, 582, 597n18

Tokugawa Iesato (painting), 12

Tokugawa Memorial Foundation, 17, 582, 598n20

Tokugawa Museum Foundation, 17, 582, 597n19

Tokugawa Shogunate, 1–8, 17, 185–87, 380n1, 582, 598n20

Tokuzawa, Kenko, 340n4, 347n5

Tokyo District Court, 501

Tokyo Harbor, 473

Tokyo Imperial Household Museum, 163n6

Tokyo Imperial School of Art, 163n6

Tokyo Imperial University, 169

Tokyo Keizai University, 188

Tokyo School for the Blind. See University of Tsukuba School for the Blind

Tokyo Stock Exchange, 188

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 267, 296–97, 451

Tomosaburo, Kato, 69, 102n6

Topping, Mrs. Henry, 87

Torei Ningyo (Dolls of Gratitude), 139

Toyama, Motoichi, 164n6

Train, Russell, 259

Trans-Siberian Railway, 37

Treadway, Mrs. Lyman, 352n6

Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament. See London Naval Treaty

Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (1860), 6

Treaty of Friendship and Commerce (1930), 527

Treaty of Portsmouth, 24, 64n11

Tripartite Pact, 435–36

Triple Intervention, 65n11

Tsuchihashi, Kahei, 164n6

Tsuchiya, M., 59n5, 386n14

Tsuda, Noritake, 163n5, 343n4, 345n5

Tsuda English College, 117

Tsuji, Zennosuke, 589n1

Twenty-sixth Centennial International Essay Contest Commemorating Founding of Japanese Empire, 564

 

Uchida, Yasuya, 29, 281, 372, 576

Ueno Park, Tokyo, 112, 114, 406

Umberto II, 446

Umezono, Tokuhiko, 328, 347n5

Underwood, Oscar W., 89

UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), 584, 599n24

United Nations, 584

United Press, 279

United States

American Legation, 135n1, 483n3

Civil War, 25, 104, 107–8, 116

embassy, 407, 455, 456

expansionism, 23

first ladies, 392–93n21

mass media, 298–300

official visit (1912), 39

politics, 23–25, 371

Red Cross Conference delegates, 546n1

United States Capitol Dome, 73

United States/Japan relations

America-Japan Society, 420n2

Dern on, 311n8

early engagement, 6–7

Harris and, 414

Knox and Pershing visit, 38–39

Lincoln and Grant, 104–25

Mashbir and, 459

Roosevelt and, 55–56

Russo-Japanese War resolution and, 215n4

Shibusawa and Straight discussion, 219n13

Shibusawa delegation, 189–203

Taft on, 58n3, 382n4

Tokugawa on, 293–300

United States Military Academy, 267

United States Naval Academy, 267

United States Stock Market Crash (1929), 230, 272

University of Arizona, 166

University of British Columbia, 573, 592n8

University of Pennsylvania, 262

University of Southern California (USC), 100n1, 165–66, 571

University of Tsukuba School for the Blind, 130

untouchables, 3

USC (University of Southern California), 100n1, 165–66, 571

Ushizuka, Torataro, 334, 345n5, 378, 409

 

Valadou, Joan, 570

Valentine, Myra, 351n6

Valley Forge, 262

valor (sword regalia), 486

Vandenberg, Arthur H., 286

van Karnebeek, H.A., 80

Vernou, Walter N., 286

Versailles Peace Conference (1919), 87, 426

Veverka, Ferdinand, 274

victory medals, WWI, 42–43

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 219n13, 220

Vincent, Elizabeth, 94

vitamin B1 (Orizanin®), 216n5

Viviani, René, 89

Volunteer Workers American Relief in Japan, 456–58

Volz, Yong Z., 181n3

Vories, William Merrell, 422

voting rights, of Japanese women, 126

 

WACA (World Affairs Councils of America), 593n13

Wada, T., 64n10

Wakatsuki, Reijiro, 275, 498

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, 290–93

Walker, James, 255

Walker, Miriam D., 351n6

Walsh, J. M., 352n6

Walsh, Mrs. Edward J., 348n6, 352n6

War Council of the American Red Cross, 54

Ward, Horace B., 95

Warren, Charles B., 87, 264

Warren, Mrs. Benjamin, 348n6, 350n6

War Zone Refugee Relief Committee, 542

Washington, Booker T., 220

Washington, George, 87, 267, 415

Washington Monument, 363

Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

acquired historical items, 96–98

additional details about, 70–85

American University students and, 93–95

against anti-Semitism, 508

articles, 101n4

continued study of, 586

foundation for, 68

group photos from, 79–80

Japanese general public and, 88

Japanese views of, 87

Jewish magazine interview, 509

militants against, 100n3

one year after, 95

Pan-Pacific Union, 99n1

photo from Memorial Hall, 83

photo of Japanese Parliament delegation, 68

Red Cross Societies comparison, 516

signing ceremony, 89

Tokugawa and, 67–98

Washington Naval Treaty, 251, 424

women’s peace movement and, 86–87

Washington. Presentation of the Japanese Embassy to the President and Cabinet, in the East Room of the Executive Mansion (Taylor; engraving), 135n2

Washington Times (newspaper), 516, 546n1

Watanabe, Akira, 164n6

Watanabe, Kwazan, 157

Watase, Torajiro, 214n2

Watson, Edwin M., 286

WCTU (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union), 86–87, 102n7

Webster, Mrs. Charles, 354n8

Weeders, The (Garden Club), Philadelphia, PA, 353n6, 353n7

welcoming toasts, Portland, Oregon reception banquet, 194

Wellesley College, 267

Welsh, John, 95

West Point (United States Military Academy), 267

“What the Japanese have stood for in the World War” (T. Roosevelt), 55–56

Wheeler, Edward Jewitt, 223, 228

White, Mrs. William B., 352n6

White, Mrs. Windsor T., 349n6

White Man’s Burden (Kipling), 25, 424

Why War? Essays and Addresses on War and Peace (Butler), 258

Wild West Show, Madison Square Garden, 32

Wiley College, 166

Willard hotel, 387–390n16

Williams, Francis L., 350n6

Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Nelson B., 349n6

Williams, Mrs. Francis D., 350n6

Williams, Walter, 174, 178

Wilmington Garden Club, Wilmington, DE, 353n6

Wilson, Hugh, 535

Wilson, Margaret, 54

Wilson, Woodrow, 22, 54, 203, 237, 306n6

Winans, Mrs. Carlton G., 352n6

Winchester and Clarke County Garden Club, Winchester, VA, 353n6

Wirt, Lincoln L., 205–6, 217n8

wisdom (mirror regalia), 486

Witsell, Edward, 458

Witte, M., 64n11

Wolseley, Frances, 391n17

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 86–87, 102n7

women

voting rights in Japan, 126

Women’s College, 115

women’s rights in Japan, 126–28

Wood, Leonard, 306n6

Wood, Mrs. Erskine, 352n6

Woodside-Atherton Garden Club, Woodside and Atherton CA, 353n6

Woodward, Robert S., 62n7

Worcester Garden Club, Worcester, MA, 353n6

World Affairs Councils of America (WACA), 593n13

world economic depression, 272, 301

World Federation of Education Associations, 168–173

World’s Sunday School Convention, 92

World War I

aftermath, 101n3, 250

aid of France, 451

Japanese participation, 39–57

Japanese Red Cross Society, 516

Japan joins Allies, 21–22

U.S.-Japan relations and, 23–25

victory medals, 38

World War II

end of, 508

Hiroshima remembrance, 588

Holocaust, 549n7

Japanese American history, 135n3, 135n4

Jewish treatment, 509

Safe Zones, 521–23

surrender, 473

Tripartite Pact and, 435–36

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 484n3

WWI Alliance postcard illustration, 24

 

Yada, Mrs. Chonosuke, 341n4, 346n5

Yagi, Hiroshi, 324, 342n4

Yajima, Kajiko, 87–88

Yamamoto, Eriko, 127

Yamamoto, Isoroku, 275

Yamashika, Seika, 504n1

Yanagita, K., 63n10

Yasakani no Magatama jewel, 486

Yashiro, Yukio, 162n5, 589n1

Yasuda, Z., 63n10

Yasuda, Zenjiro, 164n6

Yata no Kagami mirror, 486

Yatsuta Maru liner, 425

“Yellow Journalism,” 298

“Yellow Peril,” 39, 63n9, 298

YMCA, 173

Yokohama Harbor, 329

Yoshida (musician), 131

Yoshida, Kazuko, 341n4, 347n5

Yoshida, Mrs. Shigeru, 332, 342n4, 345n5

Yoshida, Mrs. Tamotsu, 341n4, 347n5

Yoshida, Shigeru, 336, 354n8

Yoshihito, Crown Prince (Emperor Taisho), 444

Yoshino, Shinji, 414

Yoshitaka, Kimura, 18n2

Yost, Mrs. Ellis A., 87

Yuasa, Kurahel, 502

Yuasa, Mrs. Hachiro, 328, 347n5

Yukichi, Fukuzawa, 13, 18n2, 20n4

Yukiko (granddaughter of Tokugawa), 137

 

Zacharias, Ellis M., 250, 261, 270n2

Zero Population Growth (ZPG). See Population Connection

Ziemans (Reverend), 458

Zimmermann, Arthur, 56

Zimmermann Telegram, 56

Zojoji Temple, 112

Zumoto, M., 214n2, 219n13

 

 

 

 

 

Prince Tokugawa during the 1920s and 1930s incorporated Lincoln Essay Writing Contests into all Japanese Public Schools and Colleges to Combat Racism while Honoring the Humanitarian Values of President Abraham Lincoln.

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This bronze sculpture honors three great individuals.

Men of Peace who promoted Human Dignity and Racial Equality.

President Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (徳川 家達, August 24, 1863 – June 5, 1940)

 

Martin Luther King Jr. is well known as an American Christian minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent means, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (aka Tokugawa Iesato) was born during the American Civil War and would come to admire the values of Abraham Lincoln. During the early 1860s, Iyesato’s adopted father Shogun Tokugawa Iemochi received a personal letter from President Abraham Lincoln encouraging a close friendship between the United States and Japan. Ironically, Iyesato’s life would have similarities to that of Abraham Lincoln, both national leaders who went through a moral, constitutional, and political crisis leading to a civil war in their nations.

The years leading up to WWII saw a growing militarist and fascist movement taking over Japan, disrupting the democratically elected and peace loving Japanese congress. This Japanese militarists’ goal was to expand territorially into neighboring nations. Prince Tokugawa working his allies, including Shibusawa Eiichi, incorporated the study of Chinese literature classics into Japanese schools to encourage respect for the culture of their neighbor and thus promote good relations between these two countries. Tokugawa also shared Japanese cultural treasures through a impressive art exhibition sent to the United States as a means of bridging these two nations. 

Historically, racism against Asians in the United States goes back to the mid-1800s into the first few decades of the 1900s. In response to this, Prince Tokugawa wished to guide Japan to take a more enlightened path. During the 1920s, Tokugawa incorporated Lincoln Essay Contests into all of Japan’s public schools and public universities. Large bronze commemorative medallions with the face of Abraham Lincoln upon them were awarded to the students who best expressed the noble values of Abraham Lincoln and his struggle to end slavery and racism.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This photo highlights the February 19, 1929 Award presentation to the student winners of the Third Lincoln Essay Contest which was held at the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Prince Tokugawa was the President of the America-Japan Society which sponsored the event.

In photo: Prince Tokugawa (front center) and Count Aisuke Kabayama (at far right). This photo is courtesy of the America-Japan Society. This fine organization, located in Japan, was founded in 1917 and continues to this day to promote amity and mutual understanding between the Japanese and American people. Prince Tokugawa was its 2nd president from 1924 until his passing in 1940. To learn more, here is the internet link to the America-Japan Society:    http://ajstokyo.org/en-home/

 

The winners of these essay contests were awarded an impressive Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Medallion in recognition of their accomplishment.

Below is the front and back of the academic award, which was 3 inches in diameter. The award included a blue velvet lined display case. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1930 Original Press Photo: Former US Ambassador to Japan Charles MacVeagh with Lincoln Essay contest winners, Japan. 

Back of the Photo states:                                              

“Winners of the Lincoln Essay contest under auspices of the Lincoln Centenary Assoc. and the Japanese-American Society photographed with American Ambassador when they receive prizes – Tokyo – left to right at the Imperial Hotel Miss Yuki Chiba, 1st prize; Ambassador Charles MacVeagh; Ichiro Kawasaki, 2nd prize and Tokuji Hasegawa, third prize. (Japan)”

Photo measures 8.5 x 6.5inches. Photo is dated 10-17-1930.  

 

 

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT PRINCE TOKUGAWA

Below are two versions of his illustrated biography:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AVAILABLE AS A DIGITAL EBOOK 

This expanded digital edition is largely identical to “THE ART OF DIPLOMACY”  but has an additional 100 pages of historical notes to assist researchers.

 

 

 

 

Description of the above book cover photo: 

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa receives an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Southern California (USC). Dr. Rufus B. von Kleinsmid President of the university bestows this degree.

This presentation took place during a special luncheon given March 19th, 1934 in Los Angeles that was hosted by George I. Cochran, President of the Board of Trustees of USC. Prince Tokugawa was accompanied by his son Iyemasa, the newly appointed Minister to Canada.

Left to right in photo: Prince Iyesato Tokugawa; Iyemasa Tokugawa; George I. Cochran; Dr. Rufus B. von Kleinsmid.

 

The Los Angeles Times stated that this honorary degree was given to Prince Iyesato Tokugawa:

“In recognition of distinguished service in international statesmanship,” and for his “support of many philanthropic and educational movements.”

In accepting the honor, Tokugawa respectfully said,

“He wished to receive this honor in the name of the Japanese people as a whole rather than as a personal distinction.”

The Los Angeles Times also said that a banquet dinner was to be hosted by the Japan-America Society of Los Angeles, to honor Prince Tokugawa’s visit. The Governor of California and the former Mayor of Los Angeles planned to attend.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AVAILABLE IN PRINT AND KINDLE EBOOK EDITIONS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE CREATION PROCESS FOR SCULPTURES

Presented below are some of the steps involved for the bronze sculpture presented earlier.

-Photos of these fine statesmen were first gathered which presented them from various angles to assist in gaining a three dimensional perspective.

-Blocks of clay are then sculpted (carved) into a general representation.

President Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (徳川 家達, August 24, 1863 – June 5, 1940)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This sculpture was created by the author of this blog post at the Lynn Forbes Sculpture Studio in the city of Carlsbad, California 2020. The above sculpture photo was taken inside that fine studio, whose exterior is shown in the below photo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-Once the piece is completed, the clay is allowed to dry at room temperature for six weeks.

-Then it is baked at a high temperature which further hardens the material and turns the clay to a pinkish color.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Prince Iyesato Tokugawa symbolically stand on the shoulders of President Abraham Lincoln, continuing and promoting his legacy against racism.

These great individuals all put their lives on the line promoting their humanitarian beliefs.

 

A Bronze patina finish can be applied to the sculpture and the finished work can now remain as a hardened clay sculpture or it can be cast as bronze sculpture.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The above photo presents the statue in the author’s office.

A limited edition of this statue will be gifted to various organizations that promote positive international relations and social justice. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prince Tokugawa’s Pivotal Role in Establishing the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, DC.

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Prince Iyesato Tokugawa guided the Japanese gifting of the cherry blossom trees to the U.S. Capital in 1910 and 1912 into becoming an international token of goodwill which is now officially known as the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival – His behind the scenes role in accomplishing this diplomatic success was discovered while researching for the illustrated biography on Prince Tokugawa, titled: THE ART OF PEACE.

[Note: Prince Tokugawa (1863-1940) while traveling outside of Japan went by the name Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, while in Japan, he was known as Prince Tokugawa Iesato.]

The above May 5, 1910 New York Daily Tribune announced the coming arrival of Prince Iyesato Tokugawa to New York City, following his visit to Washington, D.C. Scheduled to coincide with the arrival of Prince Tokugawa, was the recent arrival of a delegation of sixty Japanese. Prince Tokugawa and his delegation had spent time together in the U.S. Capital, prior to visiting New York City. Several of the Japanese delegation are shown in the newspaper photos. The individual standing between the gentlemen in the long white coat and the individual in the white hat is  Yukio Ozaki Mayor of Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, who is the Japanese official most remembered linked to the gifting of the cherry blossom trees to the U.S. capital city of Washington, D.C. This recognition being given to Mayor Ozaki is based on Prince Tokugawa’s humility and wisdom, he preferred this gift be seen symbolically coming from the nation of Japan, rather than highlight his own role in bringing it about.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Left) Sectional view from The New York Daily Tribune 1910 photo, Mayor Ozaki is in the center. (Right photo for comparison) Circa 1920 photo of Mayor Ozaki.

The goodwill delegation accompanying Prince Tokugawa included bankers, physicians, lawyers, merchants, sociologists and newspaper men, who were on a world tour. Besides America, their itinerary included France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russian Siberia. They desired to familiarize themselves with the outside world, and also encourage the outside world to have a better understanding of Japan.

During his 1910 visit, Prince Tokugawa met and dined with President Taft at the White House. Prince Tokugawa and two visiting members of the Imperial family were also honored with a luncheon by the Japan Society of Manhattan. A hundred guests were present, with the President of the Society, Lindsay Russell, presiding. At that event, Prince Tokugawa expressed his appreciation of the Japan Society, which was founded just three years earlier in 1907 and continues to this day to promote good U.S. Japan relations . . . That evening, a special dinner was held by the Japan Society for Mayor Yukio Ozaki. This gave Prince Tokugawa an opportunity to introduce Yukio Ozaki to leading members of the Japanese-American community and to the general American public as part of promoting the Japanese gift of cherry blossom trees.

Though, Prince Tokugawa held the powerful position of President of Japan’s upper house of congress The House of Peers, when asked by reporters why he had come to America in 1910, as was his style, he humbly declared he was there in no official capacity – However, he expressed his interest in the comparative study of the governmental systems of other modern nations. He visited the U.S. Congress twice to see her political process in action. To better understand the U.S. legal system, Tokugawa viewed a corporate lawsuit trial.

On a lighter note, while in New York City, Prince Tokugawa was greatly amused when he visited Madison Square Garden and saw a Wild West Show, with cowboys straining to hang onto bucking mustangs! – As for sports, Tokugawa had become an avid baseball fan well before his 1910 visit. He beamed as he told U.S. reporters about the excitingly competitive intercollegiate baseball games he’d seen in Japan between the University of Wisconsin and the Tokio College team. Tokugawa expressed the hope that many more games would be arranged between American and Japanese college teams, and that he wished to see baseball become the national game of Japan. Tokugawa sincerely believed that nations that shared a love for such a fine sport, would likely remain good allies. Two decades later, Prince Tokugawa arranged for the American All-Star Team to visit Japan to play ball.

The Japanese initially gifted two thousand cherry blossom trees in 1910. Regrettably, those trees were diseased and had to be destroyed. To remedy this unexpected setback and further build upon this goodwill gesture, in 1912 the Japanese sent an even greater number, three thousand and twenty cherry blossom trees of twelve varieties. President Taft and his wife would be the official U.S. representatives receiving this gift.

In terms of the evolution of the Cherry Blossom Festival, from 1913 – 1920: workmen continued planting the Japanese cherry blossom trees around the Washington, D.C. Tidal Basin and in East Potomac Park. However, no events occurred to commemorate the gift, that is, until 1922, when the first annual gatherings began. – What is significant is that during 1921-1922, Prince Tokugawa returned to the U.S. to ally with the current President Warren Harding during the Washington Naval Arms (Limitation) Conference, the first truly international conference held in the U.S. Capital. Prince Tokugawa headed the Japanese delegation – It was during this successful conference, that Prince Tokugawa most likely also found time to encourage the Japanese cherry blossom gift into becoming an annual celebration. Below is a signed portrait etching of Prince Tokugawa, drawn during that 1921-1922 conference.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1920s: a painter & several photographers are at the Tidal Basin facing the Washington Monument, attempting to capture the beauty of the cherry trees in bloom. Photo: Library of Congress.

 

During 1930 and during 1933-1934, Prince Tokugawa again travelled across the U.S. – During that last visit, he further promoted the goodwill of the 1912 Japanese gift. Prince Tokugawa was a luncheon guest of his friends Colonel Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (son of deceased President) and his mother Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt. This was followed by a more formal luncheon given in Prince Tokugawa’s honor by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The impressive guest list at this event included: the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Interior; several Congressman, the Under Secretary of State (and former U.S. Ambassador to Belgium and Canada); the Surgeon General, and the Chairman of the American Red Cross John Barton Payne. [Source: “Formal Luncheon Given By President Roosevelt Entertains for the Head of the Japanese Red Cross, Prince Iyesato Tokugawa.” The New York Times, March 2, 1934.]

It is significant to recognize that Prince Tokugawa was in Washington, D.C. during March 1934, the month preceding the “first formal festival” commemorating the 1912 Japanese gift of cherry trees – On April 19th, 1934: The District of Columbia Commissioners sponsored a three-day Cherry Blossom Festival.

The following year, 1935, the National Cherry Blossom Festival ‘Officially’ became an annual event in the U.S. Capital.

Prince Tokugawa had accomplished his mission, helping launch this important international goodwill event. He would likely have wished to attend the 1934 inauguration ceremony, but his schedule required him to be on the West Coast to receive an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Southern California (USC). The book cover for the biography THE ART OF PEACE  presents him receiving this degree from the president of USC, for his support of foreign student exchange programs & for his international philanthropic contributions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“THE ART OF PEACE“ IS AVAILABLE AS A DIGITAL EBOOK

 

 

 

 

 

PRINCE TOKUGAWA’S BIOGRAPHY IS ALSO AVAILABLE IN A PRINT and KINDLE EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Below are several additional historical photos and some recent ones linked to the Cherry Blossom Festival:

 

April 16, 1934 press photo describes a Cherry Tree Spectacle that brought 100,000 visitors to Washington, D.C., over the weekend to witness the beautiful cherry trees in bloom. This was in preparation for the Cherry Blossom Festival to be held the following week. Some of these trees were further beautified with electric lighting.

 

 

 

 

 

March 18, 1937 press photo gives further insight into Prince Tokugawa’s important role in the establishment of the National Cherry Blossom Festival: The Garden Club of America wanted to thank Prince Tokugawa and Japan for the hospitality shown to their garden club members from across the U.S., during their 1935 visit, when they toured the most beautiful of Japan’s gardens, as well as her historical sites. The garden club also wished to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the Japanese gifting of the cherry blossom trees to the U.S. in 1912. When they reciprocated in 1937, with a gift of 4,650 flowering trees and plants, who better to receive this gift to Japan, than Prince Tokugawa. As it had been him, who introduced the then Mayor of Tokyo to the U.S. leaders in Washington, D.C. in 1910, as part of launching that goodwill gesture.

In the above photo, Prince Tokugawa is now accompanied by the current Mayor of Tokyo, Torataro Ushitsuka. Together, they represented Japan in receiving these gifted trees and plants from the Garden Club of America. They were joined by the current U.S. Ambassador Joseph Clark Grew and his wife, who represented the United States. Photo shows the official group at tea, after having attended the gifting ceremony held at Kiyozumi Park, Tokyo.

Left to right: Prince Tokugawa, Ambassador Grew, Mayor Ushitsuka, and Mrs. Grew, with her back to the camera.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“The Queen of the 1937 National Cherry Blossom Festival” Washington, D.C.

25th Anniversary Celebration commemorating the 1912 Japanese gift, Sakiko Saito (left) age 10, is ceremonially crowned Queen of this goodwill event. Sakiko is accompanied by her entourage: her sister, Masako Saito (right) age 8, and Barbara Caldwell (center) age 10, who is the Maid of Honor representing the U.S. Sakiko and Masako are the daughters of the Japanese Ambassador to the U.S. Hirosi Saito. Source press photo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The 1930s were a difficult time in terms of the world economic depression, with powerful forces pushing the world towards war. To counter this, nation-bridging efforts were promoted by Prince Tokugawa and his allies. The above December 21st, 1936 press photo presents Japanese Ambassador Saito’s younger daughter Masako (7 years old), along with other foreign diplomats’ children (dressed in their nations’ traditional clothing) sending Merry Christmas greetings by radio broadcast to youngsters around the world. This was the fourth annual broadcast of its kind.

 

 

Prince Tokugawa felt that life was precious and meant to be celebrated!

Tokugawa and his allies would be delighted to see the goodwill event they launched many years ago, continues to bring joy to so many today, contributing to better understanding between nations – Perhaps one day, Prince Tokugawa’s memory will be be honored as part of this wonderful celebration.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The above photo and those that follow are provided courtesy of The National Cherry Blossom Festival, Inc. a not-for-profit organization whose mission is:

“Dedicated to promoting the beauty of nature and international friendship through year-round programs, events, and educational initiatives that enhance our environment, showcase arts and culture, and build community spirit.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Welcome!

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The illustrated Blog posts on this website focus on U.S. Japan relations and Japanese history.

Katz was a Specialist in Rare Books and Ephemera when he acquired the personal papers of a Master Spy, Colonel Sidney Forrester Mashbir (1891-1973). These fascinating materials, combined with his passion for history and many years of research resulted in the exciting historical novel THE EMPEROR AND THE SPY, followed by a sequel, an illustrated biography titled: THE ART OF PEACE.

The Emperor and the Spy highlights the adventurous life of Colonel Mashbir and reveals his alliance during the 1920s and 1930s with many Japanese leaders, including members of the Japanese Royal Family. These influential Japanese included Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863-1940) President of Japan’s upper house of congress for thirty years & Baron Shibusawa Eiichi, who is known as the Father of the Modern Japanese Economy. These fine Japanese statesmen blended international diplomacy, art and cultural exchange, as well as business and commerce to bring nations together in friendship. 

Colonel Mashbir in his personal writings emphasized:

Prince Tokugawa was the true hidden power behind the Imperial Throne & was so politically influential in supporting democracy and peace, it was only after his death in 1940, that Japan was pressured into joining the Axis Powers in WWII.

In the process of rapidly moving forward towards reconciliation between the U.S. and Japan following that tragic conflict, much of the history of the first four decades of the 1900s were lost or forgotten, with little recognition given to heroic efforts by many Japanese and non-Japanese who strove to prevent that war. Many readers of The Emperor and the Spy wanted to know more about the impressive individuals depicted in the novel and the period they lived, leading to the Prince Tokugawa biography: The Art of Peace. 

 

Praise for The Art of Peace

“Your new biography is the perfect follow on to your historical novel The Emperor and the Spy about Colonel Mashbir, a  superlative history that was a fun read, yet it was also eye opening to the story behind the scenes in that critical time of history between the west and Japan.  Here is all that anyone who is a serious student of conflict and history of Japan could possibly want.  The illustrated version of pure history makes this biography as fun to read as a novel. I enjoyed every chapter.  Just as a footnote, I loved the way you ended the book with President Obama’s and Japanese Prime Minister Abe’s speeches – Those words are exactly how all our minds should work in building relationships between peoples that are of different cultures.  I am richer in knowledge about all the amazing heretofore unknown to me heroes that you portrayed, especially Prince Tokugawa.

Paul Ringwood U.S. Navy Commander (retired)

 

“I am very pleased to learn that you have now published ”The Emperor and the Spy”…‘’I have learned a lot about Colonel Mashbir and his real friendship with Prince Iesato Tokugawa which was a pleasant surprise for me.” “I wish you all the best & best of luck on your new book on ‘’Tokugawa Iesato.”

Kazuo Kodama, former Ambassador of Japan to the United Nations / current Ambassador of Japan to the European Union

 

 

“This is a really interesting and understudied topic.”

Professor Benjamin Uchiyama, Ph.D. History, University of Southern California

 

 

“The importance of preventing war is rarely given recognition through literature and in accounts of history.  It can be every bit as exciting as glorified accounts of war and certainly a better approach.”

Professor Claire Langham, former President of the East-West Center of Southern California Chapter, an organization which promotes positive relations among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue.

 

“We appreciate your kindness and all the work you have done to promote understanding of Shibusawa Eiichi and US-Japan relations as a whole. I wish you all the best in your current and future endeavors.”

With gratitude, Toru Shigehara

Head Librarian/Information Resources Center

Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation

 

In 2021, the general reader digital edition of THE ART OF PEACE was revised, retitled, and newly published as THE ART OF DIPLOMACY to better represent the broad spectrum of Prince Tokugawa’s achievements.

AVAILABLE IN PRINT AND KINDLE EBOOK EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The 1909 Shibusawa Delegation visits Upstate, New York – U.S. and Japanese leaders come together in friendship over a Century Ago

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The Shibusawa 1909 Delegation is welcomed by the City of Ithaca.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Front cover to a celebratory Event Program/Dinner Menu (six page brochure) honoring the visit of Baron Eiichi Shibusawa & his wife, and his accompanying Japanese goodwill/business delegation.       

                       The description reads:

“To The Honorary COMMERCIAL COMMISSIONERS of Japan and the American Trade Experts at the Ithaca Hotel, Ithaca, New York. U.S.A. Friday, October 8, 1909” – (Photo of beautiful Ithaca Falls.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1909 Postcard of The Ithaca Hotel, where the event occurred.

 

Background History on Baron Shibusawa and his 1909 delegation:

Baron Shibusawa is known as the “Father of Japanese capitalism” and frequently referred to as the “Japanese J. P. Morgan.” An industrialist and entrepreneur, he was responsible for introducing Western-style capitalism to Japan during the Emperor Meiji period (1868-1912). With financial interests in railroads, steel, printing, gas, electric, mining, fishing, and oil, Shibusawa quickly became Japan’s wealthiest man. During his long life, Shibusawa helped launch over 500 companies, and was responsible for modernizing Japan’s economic and banking systems, including the introduction of paper notes. At one time, he was the director of seventy companies, however, he resisted direct ownership/control of most of the companies he helped launch, preferring an advisory role instead, giving more freedom for these new companies to determine their own strategies for growth.

Shibusawa founded the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the First National Bank of Japan – and for two decades, he was the chairman of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce. His priorities went beyond pure profit, when referring to his business ventures, he called it stakeholder capitalism (rather than traditional capitalism). He felt strongly that the growth of a nation, economically and otherwise, depended on the involvement of many stakeholders. While profit was still a significant goal, he often integrated ethical beliefs, and even Confucianism, into his management practices. Beyond his business interests, he utilized his own funds to establish over 600 organizations aimed at social welfare, including hospitals, universities, and disaster relief programs among others.

At the start of the twentieth century, U.S. – Japanese relations reached a new stage, with Japan emerging as an economic powerhouse in the Pacific, combined with its growing military. To ease potential tensions between the two countries and also increase business/financial relations between their nations, a delegation of U.S. businessmen were invited to visit Japan in 1908. This invitation was sent to representatives of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast. This invitation came from the chambers of commerce of six major cities of Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, and Nagoya. Their invitation was accepted, and approximately sixty U.S. representatives made a tour of Japan, where they were received with generous and even lavish hospitality, not only by the people, but also by the imperial government. Prince Iyesato Tokugawa and Baron Eiichi Shibusawa were central figures in receiving this U.S. delegation.

-In appreciation for the fine cordiality shown to the U.S. delegation during their 1908 visit to Japan, an invitation in 1909 was now sent to the Japanese to tour the U.S. This invitation came from the Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast, whose membership included the chambers of commerce of eight principle cities: San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego and Oakland in California, and Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, and Spokane in the Northwest.

Based on this pleasant invitation, in 1909, Baron Shibusawa headed a Japanese delegation to the U.S., which included many of Japan’s most prominent business leaders and notables. They sailed from Yokohama, on August 19, on the American steamship Minnesota, and arrived first in Seattle, Washington, on Wednesday, Sept. 1st. They left Seattle on Sept. 6th, and began their journey visiting 53 cities from the West coast to Boston, and returning from New York back to Los Angeles and then to San Francisco.

Of the fifty-eight members in this Japanese delegation, six were women (five of them the wives of the commissioners), thirteen private secretaries, and thirty-nine commissioners. They would travel 11, 000 miles thru-out the U.S. before returning home. This delegation included nine members of the Japanese parliament, two of the largest banking houses were represented by Baron Shibusawa, and the bank of Mitsui & Co. represented by Kenzo Iwahara, Managing Director. There were six other bankers in the group, and also representatives of nearly every line of industry and commerce, including the ownership and management of electric railways, shipbuilding, manufacturing of silk and cotton, exporting and importing, and stock market brokerage – The professions of law and medicine were also represented, as well as some well-known Japanese educators, authors, and newspaper writers.

Their main goals were to develop friendship between the two nations while encouraging bilateral trade and commerce. This sentiment was repeatedly expressed by Shibusawa and other commission members, as well as by their American hosts. The delegation made the news across the United States, during the course of their three month journey. They traveled in a specially outfitted ‘Million Dollar Train,’ provided by the American industrial community. Their meetings included many chambers of commerce. There were also tours of factories, power plants, fire departments, port facilities, mines, farms, schools, universities, libraries, theaters, churches, hospitals, and many other facilities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1909 – Ithaca, New York – Raised observation platform with a crowd gathered awaiting a Train’s arrival – This postcard gives a sense of the welcoming reception given for the Japanese Delegation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

November 1909 photo from The Coast magazine (Seattle, Washington).

Baron and Baroness Shibusawa (front center), with the other Japanese delegates and their wives, pose at the Forestry Building at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. The delegation included bankers, presidents of the chambers of commerce from the largest cities in Japan, businessmen who were members of the Japanese Diet (Japanese Congress), and several Japanese consuls general, who were stationed in the United States. Delegates included representatives of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, lawyers, publishers, journalists, as well as a university professor and a physician. (Note: The Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition was a world’s fair held in Seattle, Washington, publicizing the development of the Pacific Northwest. The fairgrounds became the campus of the University of Washington.) The Japanese delegation’s trip was arranged by Asahi, one of the largest newspapers in Japan (which is currently known as The Asahi Shimbun (朝日新聞).

At the train station in the City of Ithaca, a large reception was given for their honored Japanese visitors – This greeting party included the city’s current Mayor and nine former Mayors. Also attending were five former Presidents of the Village of Ithaca, as well as representatives of Cornell University, including Dean Charles H. Hull, members of his staff, along with eight Cornell professors. Also there to respectfully receive them were the student president and members of the Japanese Club of Cornell. The Ithaca Business Men’s Association, along with many others attended, as displayed in the Menu/Program.

To make the visitors’ experience in the U.S. more enjoyable, six members of the Associated Chambers of Commerce volunteered to accompany their Japanese friends/business colleagues, to assist in managing the events along their journey. Those six individuals are also highlighted within the Menu/Program.

In addition to the above, the U.S. government recognized the international significance of this Japanese visit and sent three U.S. representatives to accompany and be of assistance during their travels.

During their time in the U.S., they were greeted by many distinguished American leaders including President William Howard Taft, whom Baron Shibusawa and Prince Tokugawa had already befriended years earlier, when Taft had served as minister of war, under President Theodore Roosevelt.

Shibusawa and his delegation were also greeted by the inventor Thomas Alva Edison of General Electric, and James Jerome Hill of Great Northern Railway. When their continental journey ended, they left San Francisco on November 30, traveling to Honolulu, Hawaii, then arriving in Japan on December 17, 1909. With them, they carried fresh information on a wide range of industries, as well as many new cultural insights.

The stated goals of the Japanese delegation were:

-To increase and extend trade relations between the U.S. and Japan

-Improve personal acquaintances and friendly relations between representatives of both nations.

*It is significant to note that the U.S. Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1912, just three years after the 1909 visit of the Shibusawa delegation – It is most likely that this highly publicized Japanese business visit served as a catalyst connecting chambers of commerce across America into becoming a national organization. President Taft was one of the U.S. leaders that Shibusawa met with during his visit, and Taft is recognized as one of those who encouraged the establishment of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, to support and enhance the economy of the United States.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A lavish meal, followed by Five Minute Talks – This illustration and the four that follow are part of the Event Program/Dinner Menu brochure presented earlier.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Japanese Delegates, along with those who managed the Party. This list is also presented with additional information in Note [1]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

American Representatives attending the event. This list is also presented with additional information in Note [2]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Committee Members – This list of notable citizens of Ithaca, is also presented with additional information in the Notes [3]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Committee Members (continued) the notable civic and business leaders of the Ithaca community, who put the Program together, were Speakers, arranged the Dinner, Decorations, and Music, and were part of the Evening Reception. *See Note [4] for more info about the two prominent speakers Robert H. Treman and Jared T. Newman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

View of Cornell University – Ithaca, N.Y. – 1909 Postcard

 

 

Below is the top segment of a newspaper article that gave an overview of the Japanese delegates’ three month tour and also highlighted the hospitality they had received in the city of Buffalo, New York, three days prior to their reception in Ithaca. [The Buffalo Commercial – 05 Oct. 1909, Tue • Page 1]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

– The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation / Museum (located in Japan) honors and preserves the legacy of Baron Shibusawa and his allies –  Their website is: https://www.shibusawa.or.jp/english/museum/                                                                      

 

The Honorary COMMERCIAL COMMISSIONERS of Japan felt so appreciative for the fine treatment they had received during their visit, that when they returned to Japan, they sent back a gift to the U.S.A..

It was given to a representative of Northwestern New York State, F. W. Rosenberger, Esq., a member of the City of Buffalo, New York Chamber of Commerce. He was also one of the U.S. representatives who attended the above event in Ithaca, New York. It is a Japanese silver two handled presentation cup on a square pedestal inscribed in Japanese on the base on one side, and in English on the other side, as shown in the below photos.

Decorated with Japanese dragon emblems around the top rim and an American eagle symbol in the circular area between them.

The English inscription reads:

Presented to F W Rosenberger, Esq. by the honorary commercial commissioners of Japan to U.S.A. 1909.

Marked Tamonten Tokio and signed in Japanese.

Meiji period.  Height 5 1/2″ Length 8″. Weight 28.25 troy oz.

This silver trophy was sent as a return gift from “The Honorary Commercial Commissioners of Japan to the U.S.A” (渡米実業団) to the people who took care of them.

The Japanese writing on the base of the above silver gift lists the names of many of the Japanese visitors who toured the U.S.A.

Further information about this gift is available in Note 5 in the Notes Section at the end of this blog post.

 

*The historical content for this article was discovered while researching for an illustrated biography.

This biography comes in two versions: The Art of Diplomacy and The Art of Peace. Both highlight the Japanese international statesmen Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (aka Prince Tokugawa Iesato) and his allies, such as Baron Eiichi Shibusawa – These true humanitarians devoted their lives to creatively promoting peaceful international relations, a prosperous global economy, and democracy – Two decades of historical research was combined with the discovery of hundreds of rare illustrations, to reveal many significant unknown events that shaped the destinies of the United States and Japan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRINT & KINDLE EDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DIGITAL EBOOK EDITION [includes an additional 100 pages of historical notes to assist researchers]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOTES FOR THIS BLOG POST

Note 1 –

List of the 1909 Japanese Delegates:

Baron Eiichi Shibusawa

M. Masuda, Private Secretary

Baroness Shibusawa

Miss Takanashi, Companion (niece of Baron and Baroness Shibusawa)

Michio Doi

Nagatake Fujiye

Rinnosuke Hara

I. Tanabe, Private Secretary

Ryuta Hara

Heizayemon Hibiya

R. S. Iiri, Private Secretary

Zenjuro Horikoshi

Madame Horikoshi

Tamenosuke Ishibashi

Morimatsu Ito

K. Kubota, Artist

Kenzo Iwahara

Yeinosuke Iwamoto

Suyeo Iwaya

T. Kadono

H. S. Hibi, Attendant

Kinnosuke Kamino

Baron Naibu Kanda

Baroness Kanda

Kunizo Koike

H. Iida, Private Secretary

Dr. T. Kumagae

Tokunosuke Machida

Kojiro Matsukata

G. Masaoka, Private Secretary

Toshio Matsumura

K. Midzuno Consul General

Madame Midzuno

Dr. Takajiro Minami

Buyei Nakano

T. Kato, Private Secretary

Kaichiro Nezu

S. Uyeda, Private Secretary

Nariyoshi Nishiike

J. Nishimura

Bokushin Oi

S. Oi. Attendant

K. Otani

K. Kameda, Private Secretary

Heibei Sakaguchi

K. Shibahara, Private Secretary

Sakutaro Satake

W. Natori, Private Secretary

A. Shito

K. Soda

Shingoro Takaishi

Narazo Takatsuji

Kumejiro Taki

S. Saito, Private Secretary

Madame Taki

Shinkichi Tamura

Torajiro Watase

Motosada Zumoto – also accompanied Baron Shibusawa when he returned to the U.S. in 1915, and a banquet was held to honor him. This 1915 diplomatic event attended by former Presidents Theodore Roosevelt & William Howard Taft – A PHOTO of that diplomatic gathering is presented as part of another Blog post on TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com) – M. Zumoto served as the translator and secretary for Baron Shibusawa –  He was also a part owner and editor of The Japan Times – Japan’s largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper, currently  published by The Japan Times, Ltd. (株式会社ジャパンタイムズ) of Tokyo. In addition, M. Zumoto was the Director of the Oriental Information Agency of New York.

K. Matsubara

M. Nagai

Y. Numano

M. Kawasaki

T. Tanaka

H. Kozuka

Tokugoro Nakahashi

S. Murata, Private Secretary

 

Names of those who managed the 1909 event in Ithaca, New York

Consul General K. Midzuno (Consul General Midzuno also in a 1915 photo when Baron Shibusawa visited the U.S. again and a banquet was held to honor him, which was attended by former President Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft). A PHOTOGRAPH of that event is presented as a Blog post on the website: TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com). Consul General Midzuno is one of the Japanese officials linked to the Japanese gifting of the cherry blossom trees to the U.S. Capital in 1910 and 1912.

T. Kato

M. Kawasaki

H. Kozuka

 

Note 2 –

American Representatives at the 1909 Ithaca event

Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast

J. D. Lowman, Seattle, President

C. H. Hyde, Tacoma

Charles Stallman, San Francisco

O. M. Clark, Portland

H. Z. Osborne, Los Angeles

C. Herbert Moore, Spokane

 

Secretaries

Miss Elizabeth Gavlyn,

Miss Camilla Easty

 

U.S. Government

Roger S. Greene – State Department

Jackson S. Elliott – from Washington, D.C., representing Associated Press for the U.S. Dept. of Commerce and Labor

Professor John Paul Goode – University of Chicago

 

Other U.S. Representatives

Professor S. W. Gilman – from the University of Wisconsin, representing the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Milwaukee, and Duluth.

F. W. Rosenberger – from the city of Buffalo, he represented the Northwestern New York.

W. H. Manes – of the Chicago Association of Commerce, represents the cities of Chicago, Des Moines, and Omaha.

Governor David Rowland Francis (October 1, 1850 – January 15, 1927) was an American politician and diplomat. He served in various positions including Mayor of St. Louis, the 27th Governor of Missouri, and United States Secretary of the Interior. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Russia between 1916 and 1917, during the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was a Wilsonian Democrat. After graduating from University, David R. Francis became a successful businessman in St. Louis and served as the president of a grain merchant’s exchange. The St. Louis Mining and Stock Exchange was formed in St. Louis in the fall of 1880 with Francis as a founding member. Source: Wikipedia.

 

Note 3–

Below is a transcription of the names of the Committee Members for the 1909 event:

Reception at Train Station

Honorable Randolph Horton Mayor of the City of Ithaca, N.Y.

Former Mayors:

Jared T. Newman

Bradford Almy

George W. Miller

William R. Gunderman

William C. Elmendorf

David B. Stewart

Leroy G. Todd

Clinton D. Bouton

Henry A. St. John

 

Former Presidents of the Village of Ithaca:

Albert H. Platts

P. Frank Sisson

Charles J. Rumsey

Collingwood B. Brown

D. Waite Burdick

 

Business Men’s Association:

Charles C. Howell, President

Former Presidents:

Francis M. Bush

Edwin Gillette

George H. Baker

 

Representatives of Cornell University:

Dean Charles H. Hull

Emmons L. Williams, Treasurer

Professor Henry H. Wing

Professor Othan C. Guerlac

Professor Arthur W. Browne

Professor Charles H. Tuck

Professor Charles H. Tuck

Professor Henry N. Ogden

Professor Martin W. Sampson

Professor Ernest Merritt

Roscoe G. Edlund, President’s Secretary

Japanese Club of Cornell:

Shiro Sano, President

N. Kuroda

T. Odaira

M. Morita

T. Ogata

S. Nakamigawa

J. Murakami

T. Okabe

 

Marshal: Paul S. Millspaugh

 

Executive:

Honorable George E. Priest

Honorable Randolph Horton

Julius M. Clapp

James B. Taylor

Charles C. Howell

William M. Driscoll

 

Finance

Jacob Rothschild

Oliver L. Dean

Nathan Hanford

Thomas G. Miller

Fred C. Barr

James A. McKinney

Patrick Wall

 

Cornell University Campus:

Dean Charles H. Hull

Treasurer E. L. Williams

 

Press:

Bert R. Mitchell

Bryan B Dunne

Lewis A. Clapp

 

Automobiles to pick up visitors:

J. Mitchell Morrison

Honorable Edwin C. Stewart

Herbert L. Cobb Earnest D. Button

Ebenezer M. Treman

Louis P. Smith

F. Harry Warner

Ernest D. Button

 

Note 4- Robert Henry Treman (1858-1937) was one of the two speakers at the 1909 event honoring the visit of the Shibusawa Delegation.

Based on the author of this article’s enthusiasm for nature and his prior visits to beautiful upstate New York, here is some additional information about Robert Henry Treman, who was an amazing environmentalist and nature lover: Treman was born into an influential Ithaca family in 1858.  He attended local schools and Cornell University and joined the family hardware business in Ithaca in 1878.  During his association it grew from a small local business to a large corporation. His family also owned an iron foundry, and they had controlling interests in the Tompkins County Bank, the Ithaca Gas Light Company, and the Ithaca Water Works.  The Treman family acquired land around Buttermilk Falls and other creeks in case they needed to tap the water for their company.  In 1891 he was elected director of a local bank and in 1932 became Chairman of what was eventually known as the Tompkins County Trust Company.  He was also a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1913 to 1931.

In 1891, Treman also became a trustee of Cornell University, a post he held for 45 years.  He worked with fellow trustee Henry Sackett to improve the Cascadilla and Fall Creek glens near the Cornell campus.  This period after the Civil War was a time of increasing awareness of the America’s natural environment.  The Trustees of Reservations was established in Massachusetts in 1891 to protect the natural environment in that state.  California quickly followed suit. By the 1920s the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society had become prominent.  A movement to establish state parks grew up, encouraged by the increased interest in automobile touring.

About 1915, as Treman was bringing friends to visit the Enfield gorge — a well-known Ithaca scenic destination — he noted the decline in the hamlet of Enfield Falls.  Remembering his family association from his childhood days, he made arrangements to buy the mill as well as the miller’s house.  He closed the mill, which was still operating, temporarily.  During World War I, Treman and his wife Laura continued to buy properties in the area.  In 1920, when most of the property in the hamlet of Enfield Falls had been acquired, Robert and Laura donated the land to New York State to establish a state park to be called Enfield Glen Reservation.  Treman was chairman of the Enfield Falls Reservation Commission from 1920 to 1924.  He also donated land, which had been acquired as a possible water source for the city of Ithaca, along Buttermilk Creek to create another park in 1923.  He then continued to serve as Chairman of the Finger Lakes Commission, which also oversaw other parks in the area, from 1924 until his death in 1937.

[Source of the above biographical info: The Friends of Robert H. Treman State Park, chartered thru the State Education Department of the State of New York.  Its purpose is to conduct educational and history-related programs, services, and activities in keeping with the nature of the park, to assist in fund raising activities, the purchase of objects, equipment, and supplies for the benefit of the park, and to support this park for the benefit of the local community, the residents of the State of New York, and the general public.]

 

– Jared Treman Newman – the other listed speaker at the 1909 event honoring the visit of the Shibusawa Delegation – Jared Treman Newman was an Ithaca, New York attorney, 1893-1896, and Mayor, 1907-1908; Cornell University Trustee, 1895-1903 and 1907-1933; and a bank official. Cornell University Class of 1875.

 

NOTE 5

Further details about the silver gift given by the Honorary Commercial Commissioners are as follows: Its photo appears on the gravure page of the following book, and the circumstances are described on page 627 of the following book.

渡米實業團誌 | WorldCat.org

https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/1020991311

渡米實業圃誌 – Tobei Jitsugyōdan – Google ブックス

https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=HBOlWY_1Q30C

 

Parts of this book is cited in “Shibusawa Eiichi Denki Shiryo,” which states that Rosenberger was a member of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce and served as the Northwest New York State representative when accepting the Honorary Commercial Commissioners of Japan.

第32巻（DK320013k）本文｜デジタル版『渋沢栄一伝記資料』｜渋沢栄一｜公益財団法人渋沢栄一記念財団

https://eiichi.shibusawa.or.jp/denkishiryo/digital/main/index.php?DK320013k_text#DK320013k-0005

 

紐育州西北部代表者（バッファロー商業会議所会員）

エフ・ダブリュー・ローゼンバァガー殿

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prince Tokugawa encouraged Emperor Hirohito’s younger brother Prince Takamatsu and Princess Takamatsu to take a fourteen month Goodwill World Tour during 1930-1931. In Washington, D.C., they were personally escorted by President Herbert Hoover down Pennsylvania Avenue, as part of their special reception.

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These rare antique photos present a long forgotten 1931 diplomatic event where Prince and Princess Takamatsu as a gesture of international goodwill visited the US Capital and were personally escorted down Pennsylvania Avenue. by President Herbert Hoover, as thousands of onlookers gathered to honor their visit. Surprisingly, it has proved difficult to find news coverage about the above diplomatic procession.

Left to right in the center of the procession photo: Japanese Ambassador to the U.S. Katsuji Debuchi speaks with President Hoover (wearing a top hat and holding a cane); Princess and Prince Takamatsu walk side by side.  Included above are two earlier individual photos of Princess and Prince Takamatsu.

 

 

In 1988 an international goodwill organization PRAEMIUM IMPERIALE was created to honor Prince Takamatsu and his efforts to utilize the arts as a means of bringing nations and peoples together in mutual appreciation and goodwill.

The below Sunday, Sept. 19th, 2021 full page announcement in the NEW YORK TIMES honors this prestigious organization’s 2021 artist award recipients.

 

The Praemium Imperiale is a global arts prize awarded annually by the Japan Art Association. Since its inauguration in 1988, it has been recognized as a  significant supporter of the arts – Six nomination committees, each chaired by an International Advisor, propose candidates in five fields: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music and Theatre/Film.

The below link gives you a detailed introduction to Praemium Imperiale and its laureates in words, image, audio and video.

https://www.praemiumimperiale.org/en/

 

Prince Tokugawa’s biography highlights Prince and Princess Takamatsu, who served as representatives of Japan, promoting international friendship through the exchange of the arts and intercultural events. This biography includes many more rare photos of Prince Takamatsu and Princess Takamatsu’s exciting 1930-1931 Goodwill World Tour. Over the past two decades, a large collection of rare photos of Prince Takamatsu and Princess Takamatsu were collected by the author of this blog post. Perhaps, a film documentarian who also enjoys history will assist in creating a documentary about this Royal Couple, highlighting their 19301-1931 Goodwill World Tour.

 

PRINCE TOKUGAWA’S BIOGRAPHY  IS AVAILABLE IN TWO VERSIONS: “THE ART OF PEACE”  & “The ART OF DIPLOMACY”

 

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In Support of Democracy during World War One, Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa guided Japan to aid the U.S., Britain, and France, as well as her other Allies – Theodore Roosevelt praises Japan for her important role in winning that war.

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When war first erupted in Europe in 1914, there was uncertainty as to whether or not, or to what degree, Japan would support Great Britain and Britain’s other allies in their struggle with Germany, a conflict that seemed far away from Japan’s shores. Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa along with their Japanese supporters had spent the prior decade promoting peace. But when war erupted, out of respect international justice, they guided Japan to play a significant role in aiding the Allies – Despite Japan’s important contributions to the winning that conflict, relatively little is remembered today. Japan strongly assisted militarily and aided the Allies’ sick and wounded.

In 1917, out of empathy for the enormous suffering, death, and destruction in Europe during World War One (1914-1918), Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa, along with their Japanese supporters published a condolence booklet honoring their Allies. The photo illustration above is the first page from that condolence booklet that described the Japanese creating an association that collected a monetary fund that was gifted to Allied nations to help with their healthcare costs.

The portrait photos on the above page illustration are:

Prince Iyesato Tokugawa president of this organization, with Baron Eiichi Shibusawa (left) and Baron Saburo Shimada (right) the vice-presidents.

This booklet was titled:

“Japan to her Allies: A Message of Practical Sympathy from the Japan Association for Aiding the Sick and Wounded Soldiers and Others Suffering from the War in the Allied Countries.”

Below are the English and the French Editions of this booklet:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore Roosevelt’s deep appreciation & heartfelt regard for the Japanese people in general & for Japan’s significant role in winning World War One is revealed by the below New York Times article written November 30, 1919, just seven months prior to his death.

 

WHAT THE JAPANESE HAVE STOOD FOR IN WORLD WAR 

“This country should feel for Japan a peculiar admiration and respect.”

“There is not the slightest real or necessary conflict of interest between the United States and Japan in the Pacific.”

By THEODORE ROOSEVELT

(A Hitherto Unpublished Article, Written by the Late Ex-President Seven Months Before His Death)

The New York Times

Published: November 30, 1919

Japan’s career during the past fifty years has been without parallel in world history. Japan has played a part of extraordinary usefulness to the allied cause in this war for civilization. Japan’s friendship should be peculiarly dear to the United States, and every farsighted public man in the United States should do his utmost to keep a cordial working agreement of sympathy between the two nations. These three facts should be continually in the minds of every good American; and especially at this precise moment.

Japan’s sudden rise into a foremost position among the Occidental civilized powers has been an extraordinary phenomenon. There has been nothing in the past in any way approaching it. No other nation in history has ever so quickly entered the circle of civilized powers. It took the yellow-haired barbarians of the North who overthrew Rome six or eight centuries before the civilization they built up even began to approach the civilization they had torn town; whereas Japan tore down nothing and yet reached the level of her western neighbors in half a century. Moreover, she entered the circle of the higher civilization bearing gifts in both hands. Her appreciation of art and nature, her refinement of life, and many of her social conventions, together with her extraordinary and ennobling patriotism, convey lessons to us of America and Europe which we shall do well to learn. Every thoughtful American who dwells on the relations between Japan and the United States must realize that each has something to learn from the other.

In this war Japan has played a great and useful part. That she had her special and peculiar grievances against Germany goes without saying. So had we. She took these grievances to account precisely as we took our grievances into account. But she signed herself on the side of humanity and freedom and justice exactly as we did. Her duty has been, first of all, to drive Germany from the Pacific and to police and protect the Orient. If she had not done this it is probable that at the present moment a British and American force would be besieging Kiao-Chau and that our commerce would be suffering from German raids in the Pacific. Great Britain and the United States are able to keep their fleets out of the Pacific at this moment because the Japanese fleet is there. But she has done much more than this. Gradually, as the war has grown, she has extended her assistance all over the globe. Her volunteers have appeared in that most hazardous of all military branches, the air service, at the extreme fighting front. She has sent her destroyers to protect English and American troop ships and cargo ships in the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Mediterranean. Japan’s part has been great; far greater than anything that she was called upon to do by her alliance with Great Britain. She first captured Kiao-Chau, and sank all of the Austrian and German ships out of the Pacific. *Soon thereafter she lent three of her cruisers to Russia to strengthen her fleet in the Baltic. At present her destroyers in the Mediterranean Sea and off the coasts of England, Spain, and France. Her submarines have been working in company with the Italians. The Transports from Australia and New Zealand have been conveyed safely by Japanese warships. Our own war vessels are free for convoying our troops across the Atlantic largely because of what Japan has done in the Pacific. She supplied enormous quantities of arms and munitions to Russia. She lent Russia heavy guns, and loaned her millions of dollars. She has given to the Allies quantities of copper. She has sent medical units to England, France, Russia, Serbia, and Rumania. She has offset the German intrigue in India. One in twenty-eight of the people of Japan belong to the Japanese Red Cross; one in four of the Japanese in this country are in the American Red Cross. Two thousand Japanese are fighting in the Canadian Army. ** Japan has done everything she has been asked to do or permitted to do in this war. And this statement will be questioned by no human being who is both honest and acquainted with the actual facts.

Yet, at this very time, when Japan’s sons are fighting beside ours in the waters of the Mediterranean and the Bay of Biscay and the North Sea and in the air over the western front, there are blatant Americans who have served Germany against America, who have played the German game to the limit, by striving to make trouble between Japan and the United States; by seeking every way  to rouse suspicion and distrust of Japan in the United States; and by doing all that malevolent and unscrupulous baseness can do to taunt Japan into hostility to our country. There are in this country certain demagogic politicians, certain agitators seeking notoriety, and certain conscienceless and sensation-mongering newspaper owners and writers who are willing to make money or obtain preferment for themselves by any appeal to distrust and suspicion, no matter what infinite harm it does to this country. These sordid creatures have worked hand in glove with the scarcely more sordid creatures who are paid by Germany in downright cash to advance Germany’s aims, whether by striving to provoke an ill-will that might eventually produce war between the United States and Japan or in any other fashion. They have been guilty of conduct so shameful that it cannot be too strongly condemned.

Japan has a real admiration for America, dating back for sixty years to the time of Perry. The two nations have been in relations of close friendship. The Japanese have patiently borne misrepresentation, insults, and false accusations from various authors, writers, and public speakers of this country. They are a proud nation. They have suffered under this vilification. They have believed that our people would themselves realize the injustice of these attacks. Their belief is justified. Our people are beginning to understand that of recent years that most flagrant of these attacks have been made by German agents who worked diligently and secretly with ample Government money to create distrust between the two countries. The time has come for us Americans to show our trust and confidence in Japan as a great, loyal, modern people, whose seat at the table of the family of nations is next to ours, and who sit there on a full equality with all other civilized peoples. The rights and duties of the United States and Japan toward each other musts be treated on a basis of exact reciprocal equality. Each must have full control of all things vitally affected its own well-being; each must treat the other with frank and loyal courtesy and consideration.

The origin and persistence of German propaganda for the purpose of embroiling Japan and the United States is now fairly well recognized. Yet until Viscount Ishii openly and publicly accused Germany of being the agent of this nefarious work, the people of our country knew practically nothing about it. At a reception given by the National Press Club in Washington to Viscount Ishii as the head of the commission from Japan, September, 1917, he made an address which was for the most part devoted to exposing these insidious efforts of Germany. He said in part:

“For more than ten years a propaganda has been carried on in this country, in Japan, and, in fact, throughout the world, for the one and sole purpose of keeping nations of the Far East and Far West as far apart as possible; to break up existing treaties and understanding; to create distrust, suspicion, and unkindly feeling between neighbors in the Far East and in the West, and all in order that Germany might secure advantages in the confusion. I do not think that you, gentlemen, in your busy lives here during the last ten years have given more than passing attention to developments in the Far East. The well-equipped agent of your enemy and mine has taken advantage of your preoccupation or of your kindly credulity. For many years his work was easy. The world was flooded with talks of Japan’s military aspirations and Japan’s duplicity. Have these been borne out by history? Even now the German publicity agent whispers first in your ear and then in mine.”

His story is specious, and is told in dim light which falls upon sympathetic pictures cleverly painted by himself and presented to you and to me in the past. To the accompaniment of appeals to the human heart he tells to me other stories of your duplicity and to you of mine.

“For twelve years, gentlemen, up to the present time, those agents have worked among us and elsewhere persistently and cleverly. They have been supplied with unlimited resources. No wonder we have been deceived. A short time ago a bad blunder gave us a clue. The Zimmermann note to Mexico involving Japan was a blunder. It made such a noise that we were disturbed in our slumbers and so were you. This gave a check for a time, but since the agents have been hard at work. They were at work yesterday, and they are at work today. Every prejudice, every sympathy, every available argument has been appealed to and used to show to your people and to ours what a low, cunning enemy we have each in the other, and how much dependent we are upon the future friendship, support, and good-will of Germany.”

The Zimmermann note was an official invitation from Germany to Japan and Mexico to join in dismembering the United States; for Germany has with cynically impartial bad faith striven to draw her own profit from the ill-will she has endeavored to excite in each of the two nations, Japan and America. Every American public man, newspaper editor, speaker or writer who since the publication of the Zimmermann note has striven to excite America against Japan has been deliberately playing Germany’s game against this country. Such action amounts to moral treason to the United States.

If any person thinks this too strong a statement, I call his attention to the recent deliberate utterances of Secretary of State Lansing, ex-Secretary of State Root, and ex-Ambassador Gerard.

Mr. Lansing says: “There had unquestionably been growing up between the peoples of the two countries (Japan and the United States) a feeling of suspicion as to the motives inducing the activities of the other in the Far East, a feeling which, if unchecked, promised to develop a serious situation. Rumors and reports of improper intentions were increasing and were more and more believed. Legitimate commercial and industrial enterprises without ulterior motives were presumed to have political significance, with the result that opposition to those enterprises was aroused in the other country. The attitude of constraint and doubt thus created was fostered and encouraged by the campaign of falsehood which for a long time had been adroitly and secretly carried on by Germans whose Government, as part of its foreign policy, desired especially to so alienate this country and Japan that it would be at the chosen time no difficult task to cause a rupture of their good relations. Unfortunately there were people in both countries, many of whom were entirely honest in their beliefs, who accepted every false rumor as true, and aided the German propaganda by declaring that their Government should prepare for the conflict which they asserted was inevitable, that the interests of the two nations in the Far East were hostile, and that every activity of the other country in the Pacific had a sinister purpose.”

Mr. Root says: “There never has been in this country, so far as my observation and reading go, any more dangerous and persistent misrepresentation regarding the relations, the purposes, the character of another country with which we have relations than in the case of the relations between the United States and Japan. I haven’t the slightest doubt that the misrepresentations and the attempts to create the feeling among the people who have it all in their hands now, the attempts to create bad feeling between the United States and Japan, have been very largely the result of a fixed and settled purpose and that purpose, it seems to me, growing day by day more clear, was the purpose that formed a part of the policy of the great ruling caste of Germany which is attempting to subjugate the world today.

“For many years I was very familiar with our Department of Foreign Affairs, and for some years I was especially concerned in its operation. During that time there were many difficult, perplexing, and doubtful questions to be discussed and settled between the United States and Japan. During that time the thoughtless or malicious section of the press was doing its worst. During that time the demagogue seeking cheap reputation by stirring up the passions of the people to whom it appealed was doing his worst. There were many incidents out of which quarrels and conflicts might have arisen, and I hope you will all remember what I say. I say that, during all that period, there never was a moment when the Government of Japan was not frank, sincere, friendly, and most solicitous not to enlarge but to minimize and do away with all causes of controversy. No one who has any familiarity at all with life can be mistaken in a negotiation as to whether the one with whom he is negotiating is trying to be frank or trying to bring on a quarrel. That is a fundamental thing that you cannot be mistaken about. And there was never a more consistent and noble advocacy of peace, of international friendship and of real, good understanding in the diplomacy of this world than was exhibited by the representatives of  Japan, both here and in Japan, during all these years in their relations to the United States. I wish for no better, no more frank and friendly intercourse by which Japan in those years illustrated the best qualities of the new diplomacy as between rulers.”

Mr. Gerard says: “All during the winter of 1914 Berlin Germans from the highest down tried to impress me with the great danger which they said threatened America from Japan. The military and naval attaches of the United States Embassy and I were told that the German information system sent news that Mexico was full of Japanese colonies and America of Japanese spies. Possibly much of the prejudice in America against the Japanese was cooked up by German propagandists, which we later learned to know so well.”

Japan’s friendliness and good faith were strikingly shown in the early days of the war, when the question arose whether, in case of war between the United States and Japan, Great Britain would be obliged to assist Japan. This was excitedly discussed here and in England. The proposed treaty of arbitration between Great Britain and the United States came up about this time and it was found that such a treaty was precluded by the terms of the alliance between Great Britain and Japan. It was at Japan’s request that the terms of her treaty with Great Britain be revised so as to remove the obstacle to the arbitration treaty to which Great Britain consented. This was Japan’s contribution to universal peace. Regarding this, Viscount Ishii said in his address to the National Press Club in Washington, “Now if Japan had the remotest intention of appealing to arms against America, how could she thus voluntarily have renounced the all-important cooperation of Great Britain? It would have been widely quixotic. Treaties are not ‘scraps of paper’ to Great Britain. Japan knew she could rely on Great Britain religiously to carry out her promise. It was my good fortune to be in the Foreign Office at Tokio at the time of the revision of the Treaty of Alliance with Great Britain, and, modest as was the part I took therein, I can give you the personal and emphatic assurance that there was at the time no one in the Government or among the public of Japan opposed to the terms of that revision. There is, one may surely be safe in saying, only one way to interpret this attitude of Japan. It is the most signal proof- if, indeed, any proof is needed – that to the Japanese Government and nation anything like armed conflict with America is simply unthinkable.”

Japan, alone among the Allies, has borrowed no money from the United States; and she has lent hundreds of millions to the other allied nations. The Japanese have made a record in war charities during the last four years which is of really extraordinary fineness and disinterestedness. The women of Japan used the same methods for raising money to be sent to Belgium and Serbia and elsewhere that our own women did. They had their “Japan Belgian Relief Society,” their “Japan Serbian Relief Society,” & they sent $150,000 to the Italian refugees who lost their homes when the Teutonic armies invaded Italy. Stimulated by these smaller but very active organizations, a movement was started which spread from end to end of the empire and then across to Korea. Its title is “The Japanese Association for Aiding the Sick and Wounded Soldiers and Others Suffering from the War with Allied Countries.” Its President is Prince Iyesato Tokugawa, President of the House of Peers. The Vice President is Baron Shibusawa, the financier so well known in this country. This fund collected amounted to $1,000,000 and was distributed as follows:

To Great Britain $184,000

France             184,000

Russia              184,000

Italy                 184,000

Belgium           184,000

Serbia              60,000

Rumania          60,000

Ordinarily funds of this size and character are distributed by a committee, but this association adopted a less expensive and much more modern method. The money was sent to the Japanese official representatives in the various countries. A pamphlet was published in Japanese and in English under the title “Japan to Her Allies,” which stated the purposes of the association and also included articles written by leading men of the country, in which they set forth their sympathy with the sufferers, their opinion of Germany’s responsibility for the war, and her abominable methods of conducting it, and their belief in the ultimate victory, of the Allies. It is a remarkable publication; nothing quite equal to it has originated in any of the Occidental countries. The quality of the pamphlet is shown by the following quotation from the dignified and impressive statement of Count Terauchi, the Prime Minister and official spokesman of the Japanese people: “Far removed as the Empire of Japan is from the centre of action, and little as the people of Japan has suffered in comparison with their European allies, Japan and her people, none the less, know the meaning of war, and are able, therefore, to appreciate the sufferings and sacrifices of their allies as their own. The people of Japan feel themselves one with the people of the invaded countries, just as the people of the Allies do. They are one in sympathy and in the fight for international justice, and stand ready to share the hardships of the struggle to the fullest extent. *** As the Prime Minister of Japan it is my privilege and pleasure hereby to express the sympathy and good-will of the people of Japan for the allied armies and peoples in this day of trial. *** Though the amount contributed may seem no more than a mere trifle in comparison with the need of the suffering nations, the heartfelt sympathy and admiration of a whole nation go with it. Those who receive the gift of Japan may well look upon it as the widow’s mite that means more than all of the offerings of the rich.”

There is not time in this message to discuss fully our proper relations to Japan; I have set them forth as I see them- and as I see our proper position as regards all our international relations- in my book “Fear God and Take Your Own Part.” But there is always time to point out the elemental fact that this country should feel for Japan a peculiar admiration and respect, and that one of the cardinal principals of our foreign policy should be to secure and retain her friendship, respect, and good-will. There is not the slightest real or necessary conflict of interest between the United States and Japan in the Pacific; her interest as in Asia, ours in America; neither has any desire or excuse for acquiring territory in the other continent. Japan is placing a great part in the civilized world; a good understanding between her and the United States is essential to international progress, and it is a grave offense against the United States for any man by word or deed to jeopardize this good understanding.

The case has been put in a nutshell in Viscount Ishii’s eloquent and appealing address at Fair Haven, Mass., on July 4, which he closed with these words:

We trust you, we love you, and, if you will let us, we will walk at your side in loyal good-fellowship down all the coming years.

All good Americans should act toward Japan in precisely the spirit shown toward America by this able and eloquent Japanese statesman.

 

*The names of the three Japanese cruisers that were given back to Russia after the outbreak of the war, together with their original Russian names, are: Sagami, (Per aviet) 12,074 tons: Tango, (Poltava.) 10,960 tons, and Soya, (Varyag) 6,500 tons.

** Japan has financed her own part in the war without borrowing and has lent more than $500,000,000 to England, France, and Russia.

 

 

THE ART OF PEACE highlights the exciting and inspiring achievements of Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa, offering a new perspective and clarity on Japan and U.S. Japan relations during this fascinating and often tumultuous period of history.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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THE EMPEROR AND THE SPY is an exciting, historical espionage novel about the adventurous life of a masterful U.S. intelligence agent, Colonel Sidney Forrester Mashbir. The 2019 Revised Edition has just been published – Among Mashbir’s many exploits during his long military and diplomatic career, this saga presents his friendship with Prince Tokugawa and Baron Shibusawa, and their alliance to maintain goodwill between their nations.

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Friendship & Alliance between Presidents Theodore Roosevelt & William Howard Taft with the Japanese leaders Baron Shibusawa & Prince Tokugawa and a Tour of the Japanese Friendship Garden San Diego

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The Spirit of International Goodwill 

 

 

 

 

President Roosevelt – Prince Tokugawa – Baron Shibusawa – President Taft

During the first decades of the 1900s, these four accomplished statesmen allied together to promote amity between their nations.

This relief sculpture has been accented with metallic paint to look like a bronze – If the Japanese Friendship Garden in Balboa Park, San Diego welcomes this gift, it will be cast in bronze and be presented as a token of goodwill from the San Diego World Affairs Council (a chapter of the World Affairs Councils of America) and perhaps also from the San Diego Diplomacy Council & the East West Center – Fine organizations that support international cooperation for a more peaceful and democratic world.

TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com website presents additional blog posts revealing the strong alliance between them.

The inspiration for this sculpture arose while the author of this blog was researching for the biography The Art of Peace, which highlights the friendship and political alliance between these four leaders. It includes hundreds of illustrations, including many rare photos, offering a new perspective on U.S. Japan relations during the first half of the twentieth century, and illustrates that nations come together thru their mutual appreciation of one another’s arts and culture – To further enhance the friendship between the U.S. and Japan today a gift of a bronze sculpture was created by the author of this article to honor these four fine diplomats, who worked shoulder to shoulder in the pursuit of peace.

Below is the clay version of the sculpture

President Theodore Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) 

In office as president from September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909.

Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for guiding the arbitration that ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.  

                        

Prince Tokugawa Iesato aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940)         

President of Japan’s upper house of congress The House of Peers for thirty years from 1903-1933. He was also the President of the Japanese Red Cross Society and headed many other significant Japanese organizations. Prince Tokugawa took a pivotal guiding role in both the Japanese gifting of the Cherry Blossom Trees to Washington, D.C. in 1912 and in this gesture of international goodwill becoming the official National Cherry Blossom Festival beginning in 1935, an event celebrated annually by hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens and visitors from around the world. 

           

Baron Shibusawa Eiichi aka Baron Eiichi Shibusawa (1840-1931)     

Known as the ‘Father of Japan’s modern economic system,‘ Shibusawa helped launch hundreds of business ventures as well as social service organizations, including universities, hospitals, social welfare and international relations/relief organizations. 

Baron Shibusawa was twice nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize for the years 1926 and 1927.

               

President William Howard Taft (1857 – 1930)

In office as president March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913

President Taft and his wife First Lady Helen Herron Taft were the official U.S. recipients the Japanese Gift of Cherry Blossom Trees in 1912. 

Eight years after his presidency, Taft became the first U.S. President to later become the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930.

 

 

You are now invited to take a brief tour of the beautiful Japanese Friendship Garden.

 

Here is the link to the Japanese Friendship Garden Official Website: http://www.niwa.org/

Their mission statement: to develop a traditional Japanese garden as a center to educate, engage, and inspire people of diverse backgrounds about Japanese culture and community legacy.

 

An outside view from inside of one of the tranquil buildings in the garden.

Photos taken by the author of this blog on August 2019

 

 

 

                           

Near the entrance to the Japanese Friendship Garden is a presentation board displaying the history of this beautiful place, whose roots go back to the 1915-1916 Pan-American Exposition, where there was a popular Japanese Teahouse that was enjoyed by many visitors. Over the following century, the hospitality theme of that teahouse has evolved into the current Japanese Friendship Garden. Much of the impressive architecture that today comprises the expansive Balboa Park in San Diego, were part of that exposition.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles C. Dail Memorial Gate (above)

Close-up view (below) of the Bronze plaque near the gate honoring Charles C. Dail, who was the Mayor of San Diego from 1953-1963 and the Founder of the San Diego – Yokohama Sister Cities Program.

 

 

Above: in the distance, a mother reads a statue’s dedication plaque, while her daughter (seated to the left) appreciatively looks at the lovely Buddhist statue in the shadows, which is called ‘The Goddess of Mercy and Compassion’ – To learn more about this sculpture from the 1700s, the dedication plaque describes its fascinating history.

 

Hope you enjoyed your visit to the Japanese Friendship Garden. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE ART OF PEACE book cover presents Prince Tokugawa receiving an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Southern California. The president of the university Dr. Rufus B. von Kleinsmid hands the degree to Prince Tokugawa on March 19th, 1934. This presentation took place during a special luncheon given in Los Angeles, hosted by George I. Cochran, the president of USC’s Board of Trustees. Prince Iyesato Tokugawa was accompanied by his son Iyemasa, the newly appointed Minister to Canada.

Left to right in photo: Prince Iyesato Tokugawa; Iyemasa Tokugawa; George I. Cochran; Dr. Rufus B. von Kleinsmid.

In accepting the honor, Tokugawa respectfully said,

“He wished to receive it in the name of the Japanese people as a whole rather than as a personal distinction.”

During Prince Tokugawa’s 1934 visit to Los Angeles, The Los Angeles Times stated that a banquet dinner in his honor was hosted by the Japan America Society of Los Angeles. The Japan America Society of Los Angeles is now known as the Japan America Society of Southern California, its goal

“Building Japan-America Relationships Since 1909“

In 1909, during the first year of The Japan America Society of Los Angeles, they had also welcomed and hosted Baron Eiichi Shibusawa and fifty members of his goodwill/trade delegation.

 

THE ART OF PEACE biography highlights U.S. – Japan relations during the first half of the twentieth century.

The friendship and alliance between Prince Tokugawa, Baron Shibusawa and President Roosevelt and President Taft is presented as part of this history.

EBook Available thru Amazon in two Versions:

Expanded Edition

 

The General Reader Edition of PRINCE TOKUGAWA’S BIOGRAPHY IS TITLED:

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AVAILABLE IN PRINT AND KINDLE EBOOK